introduction penetration of a bicycle brake handle into the orbit is a rare and serious type of trauma. globe subluxation due to such trauma has not been previously reported. case presentation a 10-year-old girl presented after falling from a bicycle, which resulted in the handbrake penetrating her right upper eyelid. on examination, the globe was subluxated anteriorly, there was no light perce...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in young adults and children, and is a leading public health problem worldwide. In TBI, neurological impairment is caused by immediate brain tissue disruption (primary injury) and post‑injury cellular and molecular events (secondary injury) that exacerbate the primary neurological insult. However, the destructi...

Despite substantial investments, traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the major disorders that lack specific pharmacotherapy. To a substantial degree, this situation is due to lack of understanding of the pathophysiological process of the disease. Experimental TBI research offers controlled, rapid, and cost-effective means to identify the pathophysiology but translating experimental find...

BACKGROUND Estimates of the prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among military personnel and combat veterans rely almost exclusively on retrospective self-reports; however, reliability of these reports has received little attention. AIMS To examine the consistency of reporting of mTBI over time and identify factors associated with inconsistent reporting. METHOD A longitudinal c...

Acute brain injury is a critical and emergent condition in clinical settings, which needs to be addressed urgently. Commonly acute brain injuries include traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the subsequent injuries and impedes the reparative process after acute brain injury; therefore, facilitating an anti-oxidative approach is impor...

Analysis of 185 consecutive patients admitted to a trauma center (1983-1986) with blunt traumatic injury to the liver classified by severity of hepatic injury (I-V) has demonstrated that the pattern of associated organ injuries is a major determinant of the immediate resuscitation requirements, complications, and the ultimate outcome of patients with hepatic injury. When the significance of all...

The aim of this study is to present the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify those characteristics of brain injuries that are associated with the development of seizures. We identified 5984 episodes of TBI (loss of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia, or skull fracture) in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1935 to 1984. Of these, 4541 were followed for seizure. Injuries were c...

The focus of this article is the early recognition and emergent treatment of severe or catastrophic traumatic brain injury. The pathophysiology and management of mild traumatic brain injury are reviewed extensively in other sections. Classification of head injuries can be based on anatomic location (epidural, subdural, intraparenchymal), mechanism of injury (coup, contrecoup, linear, rotational...