Electron microscopy of materials in a gaseous environment has its origins as far back as about the 1950s for the transmission electron microscope (TEM), later followed by developments for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Focusing on the latter, this review outlines the history and commercial development of the technology, culminating in the environmental SEM (ESEM), and the techniques fo...

Gold nanowires a few atomic diameters wide are observed by ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy, and their conductance measured simultaneously using a scanning tunneling microscope built into the electron microscope. A strand of gold atoms suspended between electrodes is directly observed to have a conductance of 2e2/h (=(12.9 kΩ)-1), where e is the electron charge and h is Planck...

Recent advances in the acquisition of large-scale datasets of transmission electron microscope images have allowed researchers to determine the number and the distribution of subcellular ultrastructures at both the cellular level and the tissue level. For this purpose, it would be very useful to have a computer-assisted system to detect the structures of interest, such as organelles. Using our ...

PURPOSE To investigate the nerve endings of the adult temporomandibular joint disk, in particular the presence and configuration of the sensory nerve endings by silver staining and electron microscopy. METHODS 20 cadaveric temporomandibular joints impregnated with silver stain were studied using an optical microscope; 2 other joints were studied using a transmission electron microscope. RES...

introduction: the most important aims of root canal preparation are the removal of vital pulp tissue, remaining necrotic debris and infected dentin, eliminating the bulk of bacteria present in the root canal system. the aim of this study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of hand k-flexofiles and rotary race and k3 instruments in root canal preparation. materials and methods: a total of 60 si...

THE transmission electron microscope was invented in Germany in 1932. It works by directing a beam of electrons through a specimen and then using a lens to enlarge the image formed by their passage. In Japan, development and research into its applications began in 1939, and numerous companies around the world have competed to develop the instruments since Hitachi developed its own fi rst transm...