Passenger information aims at improving the user-friendliness of public transport systems while influencing passenger route choices to satisfy transit user’s travel requirements. The integration of transit information from multiple agencies is a major challenge in implementation of multi-modal passenger information systems. The problem of information sharing is further compounded by the multi-l...

The objects of this research are: First, to explore some the issues relating drug trafficking in South Africa. Second, highlight devasting consequences abuse on citizens, our brothers, and sisters whose lives have been destroyed cut short. Third, explore, government policies, police efforts, citizens combat social menace illicit plaguing us.
 researcher investigated following problems: its...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have become an increasingly prominent feature of the international trade environment, with salient examples being the widening and deepening of the European Union (EU), the success of the Mercosur, and the formation of the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA). In fact, a majority of the active agreements notified to gatt through 1995 were signed in ...

Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on services have proliferated since 2000. This working paper briefly presents the expansion of the dataset initially developed in Marchetti and Roy (2008). The data permits to assess the extent to which market access commitments undertaken by WTO Members in PTAs go beyond GATS commitments and offers made in the context of the Doha Development Agenda. The dat...

BACKGROUND The relation of demographic and psychological factors to the presence and extent of gut transit impairment in the functional gastrointestinal disorders has received little attention. AIMS To compare the psychosocial and demographic features of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and delayed transit in one region of the gastrointestinal tract with those displaying mo...

The article examines the current trends in development of Russia's foreign trade relations, namely formation new vectors cooperation on international market against background anti-Russian sanctions policy, as well under influence COVID-19 pandemic and processes digital transformation world economy trade. author concludes that at present stage, Russian is a state uncertainty associated with str...

BACKGROUND Watery stools are equated with rapid and hard stools with slow intestinal transit; however, the relation between stool form and transit through specific regions of the gut is not clear cut. In addition, more information is needed on interindividual variability of these measurements. AIM To examine the relations between stool form and gastric emptying, small bowel and colonic transi...

This paper summarizes price elasticities and cross elasticities for use in public transit planning. It describes how elasticities are used, and summarizes previous research on transit elasticities. Commonly used transit elasticity values are largely based on studies of shortand medium-run impacts performed decades ago when real incomes where lower and a larger portion of the population was tran...

We are exploring ways to capture the temporal and spatial dimensions of the use of public transit. Specifically, we are investigating how different land uses affect the spatial and temporal demand for public transit services. Spatially, the availability of new data collection technology in public transit allows us to examine transit demand at the individual stop level. Our hypothesis, however, ...

This paper investigates the impact of the US and China’s foreign aids to Africa on trade flows between donor and recipient countries. Evidence from the gravity model estimates reveals that the two donors’ exports are strengthened by their aids to African partners. Interestingly, China’s aid shows a positive effect on its total volume of trade and imports from Africa, while the aid from the US e...