Accurate quantification of pressure wave reflection requires separation of pressure in forward and backward components to calculate the reflection magnitude as the ratio of the amplitudes backward and forward pressure. To do so, measurement of aortic flow in addition to the pressure wave is mandatory, a limitation that can be overcome by replacing the unknown flow wave by an (uncalibrated) tria...

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an alternative surgical approach to alleviate fecal incontinence and constipation. This study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of SNS with acupuncture on gut transit time and colon c-kit protein expression in rats with slow transit constipation (STC). Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control, SNS, Mos...

This article investigates the value transit travelers place on qualitative factors, such as comfort and convenience, and practical ways to incorporate these factors into transport planning and project evaluation. Conventional evaluation practices generally assign the same time value regardless of travel conditions, and so undervalue comfort and convenience impacts. More comprehensive analysis o...

Recently, transit agencies have been opening up their route configuration and schedule data to the public, as well as providing online APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to real-time bus positions and arrival estimates. Based on this infrastructure of providing transit data over the internet, we developed an algorithm to calculate the travel times of K-shortest paths in a public transpor...

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are often reported by long distance runners and are more common in women, particularly after prolonged high intensity exercise. OBJECTIVES To determine whether these symptoms could be associated with alterations in GI motility. METHODS Small bowel and colonic transit were measured using pH telemetry in a group of 11 female athletes (age 22 to 53...

Knowledge of the contributions of arterial and venous transit time dispersion to the pulmonary vascular transit time distribution is important for understanding lung function and for interpreting various kinds of data containing information about pulmonary function. Thus, to determine the dispersion of blood transit times occurring within the pulmonary arterial and venous trees, images of a bol...