Detailed structural analyses of the mushroom body which plays critical roles in olfactory learning and memory revealed that it is directly connected with multiple primary sensory centers in Drosophila. Connectivity patterns between the mushroom body and primary sensory centers suggest that each mushroom body lobe processes information on different combinations of multiple sensory modalities. Th...

bachground: toxic plants are an important reason for poisoning. the responsible plants are variable in different geographic spots. some areas such as lorestan province have more variety in herbal plants because of geographic condition. because of high poisoning incidence with toxic plants and mushroom, we assessed the incidence of poisoning with mushroom and toxic plants (tattore and ricinus co...

ashkan kavyani1, ahmad zare shahne1, javad pourreza1, sayed mohammad ali jalali haji-abadi1, mohsen nikkhah2, nasir landy 3*  1- department of animal science, shahrekord branch, islamic azad university, shahrekord, iran 2 -department of animal science, faculty of agriculture, university of guilan, iran 3-young researchers and elite club, khorasgan branch, islamic azad university, isfahan, iran ...

Background: Canola is an agro-economically oilseed crop. Yield loss due to fungal disease of stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious problem in canola cultivation. Thaumatin-like proteins are large groups of the pathogenesis-related proteins which provide resistance to the fungal infection in response to invading pathogens and play a key role in plant defense s...

low phosphorous (p) availability in soils limits production of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] around the world. this study was conducted to determine whether exogenous expression of the rice (oryza sativa l.) phosphates transporter gene ospt2 would increase inorganic phosphates (pi) acquisition and improve yield in transgenic soybean. cotyledonary-node explants of the soybean were inoculated ...

conclusions all plants could inhibit mushroom tyrosinase, but more investigations on human tyrosinase and clinical studies are needed. results the hydroalcoholic extract of p. alkekengi showed the most tyrosinase inhibitory effect with ic50 of 0.09 mg/ml vs. 0.38, 0.38 and 2.82 mg/ml of b. persicum, a. rosea and m. vulgare, respectively. m. vulgare exhibited uncompetitive inhibition and other p...

through an application of genetic engineering, genes from a soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) which confer resistance to pests were transferred into rice. successful employment of genetic engineering in traditional breeding programs is dependent upon stable transmission of transgene in transgenic varieties. three different segregating f2 populations were developed from a cross between ...

The memory of odors in Drosophila is mediated by mushroom body neurons. Memory is formed, in part, by a modulation of the physiology of these neurons brought about by neuropeptides that are encoded by the amnesiac gene and released from peptidergic neurons that innervate mushroom body neurons. Slow and spontaneous oscillations of calcium levels are elevated in the mushroom body neurons of amnes...

cotton cultivar coker has been already transformed with recombinant pbi121-chi via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the t-dna region of pbi121-chi carries the chitinase (chi ) gene from bean and is under the control of the camv35s promoter. t1 and t2 progenies of transgenic cotton containing the chi gene were used in this study.  polymerase chain reaction (pcr), southern and western blotting data con...

an endochitinase gene (chit36) was isolated from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride. chit36 was overexpressed under the camv35s constitutive promoter in canola. transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the insertion of transgene was verified by pcr and dna dot blotting. rt-pcr analysis indicated that the transgenic canola was able to express ...