We have recently shown that two techniques of brain stimulation - repetitive electrical stimulation (ES) (that mimics transcranial magnetic stimulation) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) - modify the velocity of cortical spreading depression (CSD) significantly. Herein we aimed to study the effects of these two techniques combined on CSD. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided int...

Measuring phosphene thresholds (PTs) is often used to investigate changes in the excitability of the human visual cortex through different brain stimulation methods like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In several studies, PT increase or decrease has been shown after rTMS or tDCS application. Recently, using PT measurements w...

[1] Horvath JC, Forte JD, Carter O. Quantitative review finds no evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Brain Stimul 2015;8(3):535e50. [2] Boggio PS, Nunes A, Rigonatti SP, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Fregni F. Repeated sessions of noninvasive brain DC stimulation is associated with motor function improvement in ...

OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is an important predictor of quality of life. Past studies showed that some aspects of cognition, such as working memory, can be enhanced following dopaminergic therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The aim of our study was to investigate whether another form of noninvasive brain stimulation, anodal tra...

Cognitive neuroscience prefers a reductionist approach to normal and abnormal brain functions. So, it tries to reducing causes and indices of cognitive and neural processes, in order to increases the accuracy in investigation and manipulation of variables. As a comparison, common diagnostic criteria for mental disorders utilize multidimensional global criteria that existence of some non-overlap...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has emerged in the past decade as a useful investigative and therapeutic technique. A number of recent studies suggest that tDCS is safe and may be efficacious in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders, including major depressive disorder, chronic neuropathic pain, and strok...

BACKGROUND So far, no comprehensive answer has emerged to the question of whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can make a clinically useful contribution to the treatment of major depression. We aim to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of tDCS in the treatment of depression. METHOD Medline and Embase were searched for open-label and randomized controlled trials of...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique developed more than fifty years ago [1]. tDCS acts modulating the excitability of a targeted brain area by altering neuronal membrane potentials, consequently modifying the brain circuitries related to the targeted areas [2,3]. tDCS has been recently considered as a potential non-invasive tool for neuromodulation due to its ability t...