1. Biotic resistance is a commonly invoked hypothesis to explain why most exotic plant species naturalize at low abundance. Although numerous studies have documented negative impacts of native consumers on exotic plant performance, longer-term multi-generation studies are needed to understand how native consumer damage to exotics translates to their population-level suppression over large lands...

In teleosts and amphibians, the proneuronal domains, which give rise to primary-motor, primary-inter and Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons, are established at the beginning of neurogenesis as three longitudinal stripes along the anteroposterior axis in the dorsal ectoderm. The proneuronal domains are prefigured by the expression of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proneural genes, and separated by domains ...

The safety of many African traditional herbal remedies is doubtful due to lack of standardization. This study therefore attempted to standardize two polyherbal formulations from Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, with respect to the relative proportions (weight-for-weight) of their botanical constituents. Information supplied by 41 local herbal practitioners was statistically screened for consistenc...

Growth, development and life-cycle duration of the millipede Ommatoiulussabulosus (f.aimatopodus) were studied in a Mediterranean shrubland of southern France and compared with previous data from northwest Europe. Changes in the proportions of stadia during the course of the year were analysed in several generations. The results show that stadia VII and VIII are consistently reached after the f...

Anesthesiology, V 123 • No 1 10 July 2015 B ehavioral modification is the branch of learning theory concerned with analysis and adaptation of human behavior. Psychologists ivan Pavlov (1849–1936, Director, institute of experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, russia, 1891–1936) and John B. Watson, Ph.D. (1878–1958, Professor and Chair, Psychology, Johns hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 19...

Our mouth waters when we think of our favourite food, and so does that of a dog. But can we know what a dog is thinking about? An experimental entry to a dog's mind was achieved by Pavlov through a rather convoluted chain of studies performed at the beginning of the century that is now coming to an end. His approach is now common knowledge. If presentation of food is preceded every time by a be...

Cretaceous massifs of the Eurasian continent is unique not only for its geological features, but also peculiar flora, therefore, identification and study biodiversity these objects currently an urgent task. Comprehensive studies flora vegetation Aktolagay cretaceous massif (Republic Kazakhstan) were carried out in 2019. One aspect was consideration ecological biological features several plant s...