Increases in atmospheric CO2 and CH4 result from a combination of forcing from anthropogenic emissions and Earth System feedbacks that reduce or amplify the effects of those emissions on atmospheric concentrations. Despite decades of research carbon-climate feedbacks remain poorly quantified. The impact of these uncertainties on future climate are of increasing concern, especially in the wake o...

The food demands of the United States (US) impart significant environmental pressures. The high rate of consumption of beef has been shown to be the largest driver of food-borne greenhouse gas emissions, water use and land occupation in the US diet. The environmental benefits of substituting animal products with vegetal foods are well documented, but significant psychological barriers persist i...

On 1 July 2012, Australia became the latest country to introduce a carbon tax to reduce its greenhouse-gas pollution. Even more than the European Union’s emissions trading scheme, Australia’s target of cutting emissions to 5% below 2000 levels by 2020 is heavily reliant on carbon offsetting, with plans to allow industry to buy carbon credits to offset up to half of their required emissions cuts...

This paper evaluates the impact on greenhouse gas emissions of beef produced under different management systems and compares these results with the estimated biophysical capital alteration of these same systems. The environmental impacts of a specific intensive US feedlot system and a traditional African pastoral system are calculated using a methodology that includes the major land-use and ene...

The ultimate climate emergency is a 'runaway greenhouse': a hot and water-vapour-rich atmosphere limits the emission of thermal radiation to space, causing runaway warming. Warming ceases only after the surface reaches approximately 1400 K and emits radiation in the near-infrared, where water is not a good greenhouse gas. This would evaporate the entire ocean and exterminate all planetary life....

Greenhouse environment has the characteristics such as multipleinput, multiple-output, nonlinearity, and difficulties of establishing its accurate mathematical model. Therefore, in order to make the greenhouse environment control more effective and accurate, an expert system of variable universe fuzzy control based on BP neural network has been proposed. In this method an appropriate universe i...

The detection and attribution of climate change in the observed record play a central role in synthesizing knowledge of the climate system. Unfortunately, the traditional method for detecting and attributing changes due to multiple forcings requires large numbers of general circulation model (GCM) simulations incorporating different initial conditions and forcing scenarios, and these have only ...

because every day production of refuse material is increasing, interest in the development of biogas units in many countries, both as traditional and industrial plants, has been increased. about 74 million tons of methane gas is produced from cattle dung and 40 million tons is produced only from urban solid wastes in the world annually .this would influence the greenhouse effect india and china...