in june 2011necessity set up of energy exchange proved. gather separate applications for setting up exchange of oil, electricity with not long history and during numerous steps and different enactment of provisions, by exchange supreme council .and early of june of 2012 start itself act. the activity that realized with delay in iran duet. presence great resources of oil, gas and abundance advan...

In this paper we seek to explain the causes and consequences of Northern penetration in Southern subsistence markets in order to reach the countless masses at the Bottom of the (Income) Pyramid. To this end we formulate a One-North-Many-Souths model, inspired by the Krugman (1979) North-South model. In our model, Southern countries are differentiated with respect to population size, but also th...

In this paper, we propose to model attention consumption of advertisements as a negative externality. We examine the methods of maximum permissible values, fees, and tradable certificates to cope with the negative effects. We propose to integrate auctions for tradable attention certificates with auctions for advertising slots on digital signage. This method allows us to implement tradable certi...

viewpoints related to busines cycles fluctutions and their use in economic anticipation process have drawn the attention of various intellectual spectrum and economic schools. this has, in turn, caused the formation of a modern scientific area known as future study. according to the major aims of this field of this field of knowledge, business cycles future changes and the variables affecting t...

The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative advantages of corn in comparison with other competitor crops. To do so, Linear Programming, to 2004-2005 data related to classic index (DRC) in Kermanshah province was applied. Results showed that corn has comparative advantages in all regions of Kermanshah province while in optimal cultivation pattern of 37.5 percentages of regions in exi...