clostridium perfringens is an important cause of enteric diseases in both human and animals. the bacteria produce several toxins which play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases and are classified into five toxin types, on the basis of the differential production of alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. in this study a single pcr assay was developed and used for detection of cpb2 gene to id...

diphtheria is a fatal disease caused by exotoxin of corynebacterium     diphtheria .  this toxin consists of   two chains, catalytic chain (a) and binding (b) chain. by binding chain (b),   the toxin binds to its receptor on numerous body cells such as myocardial,   kidney and peripheral nerve cells. after entering, catalytic chain (a)   inhibits protein synthesis and finally can cause cell dea...

background: t-2 mycotoxin belongs to the trichothecene family and has damaging effects on the immune system. objective: to investigate the toxic effect of t-2 toxin on the percentage of peripheral blood b lymphocytes and the potential protective role of selenium and vitamin e. method: frequencies of b lymphocytes (cd19+ ) were analyzed after injection of sublethal doses of t-2 toxin into balb/c...

clostridium difficile has been recognized as the major cause of pseudomembranous colitis.this bacterium produces two toxins(an enterotoxin -cytotoxin and a potent cytotoxin called toxin A and toxin B erespectively).these toxins have implicated in pathogenesis of the disease.however,histopathological effects of their molecular mass less than 100KDa have been essayed.in the persent study,we exami...

Background: Cobalt (Co) is an essential trace element for mammals required for the synthesis of vitamin B12. It is not a cumulative toxin but chronic exposure induces negative effects on the organism. It was proven that cobalt passes via placenta appearing in the fetal blood and amniotic fluid and it is shown to possess an embryotoxic effect. Also, chromium (Cr) is recognized as a trace element...

75. Evidence for Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin as a Dominant Antigen in Severe Pediatric Influenza-staphylococcal Co-infection — Implications for Therapy Karl Yu, MD, PhD; Adrienne Randolph, MD, MSc; Juliane Bubeck Wardenburg, MD, PhD; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Comer Children’s Hospital / University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain ...

Irradiation effects on cancer toxin, "toxohormone", in tumor-bearing hosts were investigated. Crude toxohormone fractions were prepared from preoperatively co&0-irradiated human gastric cancer by the method of Yunoki and Griffin. 1) It was demonstrated tha t Co&0-irradiation reduced the liver catalase depressing action of the crude toxohormone fractions, but the yield of the fractions was less ...

The amount of toxin produced and the diarrhea caused by 0 139 serotype are very similar to that caused by V. cholerae 01. This new serotype is sensitive to tetracycline, ampicillin and chloramphenicol, but is resistant to co-trimoxazole (98%), and furazolidine (86%), the latter two agents often used to treat cholrea(2,5). In India even in children, tetracycline for three days or single dose of ...

BACKGROUND The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) is a medically important venomous snake in Southeast Asia. Its venom has been shown to vary geographically in relation to venom composition and neurotoxic activity, indicating vast diversity of the toxin genes within the species. To investigate the polygenic trait of the venom and its locale-specific variation, we profiled and compared the venom gla...