There is the need to integrate existing toxicity data in a coherent framework for extending their domain of applicability as well as their extrapolation potential. This integration would also reduce time and cost-consuming aspects of these tests and reduce animal usage. In this work, based on data extracted from literature, we have assessed the advantages that a dynamic biology-toxicant fate co...

Extensive industrial activities resulted in an increase chromium (Cr) contamination the environment. The toxicity of Cr severely affects plant growth and development. is also recognized as a human carcinogen that enters body via inhalation or by consuming Cr-contaminated food products. Taking consideration enrichment environment its toxic effects, US Environmental Protection Agency for Toxic Su...

the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in the agricultural soils are extremely important in assessing the risk of toxicity to the growing plants. a five step sequential extraction procedure (sep) has been employed to study the speciation of as, sb, cr, cu, cd, pb, zn, ni, fe and mn in 18 soil samples neighboring an industrial complex in isfahan, central iran. enrichment factor (ef) ...

Single and joint toxicity of chloramphenicol and Hg acting on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were investigated. The results showed positive correlations between root elongation inhibition of three plants and concentrations of pollutants added to soil (P<0.01) in test concentration range. In terms of root elongation, wheat was the mo...

Copper (Cu) is essential to plants but can also be harmful due Fenton chemistry. Because of that, it necessary keep Cu within a narrow concentration limit. Plants evolved mechanisms sense and precisely regulate uptake accumulation avoid both deficiency toxicity. However, experience variable levels in soils, natural environments as well human’s-based farming practices that lead soils. Therefore,...

today, biosphere pollution has accelerated strongly with start of industrial revolution by toxicity of heavy metals. one of existing pollution is soil pollution. unfortunately, soil pollution by metals is as intensive environmental stress for plant hence for human. plants, which are able to store heavy metals in their organs, can be used for phytoremediation of polluted soils and utilization of...

Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of a nonessential amino acid, L-glutamic acid, which is widely used in food industry. Glutamate plays an important role in principal brain functions including formation and stabilization of synapses, memory, cognition, learning, as well as cellular metabolism. However, ingestion of foodstuffs rich in monosodium glutamate can result in the outbreak of severa...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are found in various plant genera worldwide. Poisoning by PA-containing plants is usually accidental, by the ingestion of grain inadvertently contaminated with seeds of pyrrolizidine-containing weeds, or the consumption of herbal or bush tea, or when taken as herbal infusions for medicinal purposes. In this paper the toxicity of PA-containing plants, with emphasis ...

Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cultivar W38) plants that overproduce petunia chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase were exposed to ozone dosages that injure control tobacco plants. Based on foliar injury ratings, there was no consistent protection provided to the transgenic plants. These data indicate that an increase in the chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase alone is not suffic...