background: collagen-based three-dimensional (3d) in vitro systems have been introduced to study the physiological states of cells. as a biomolecule, collagen is usually extracted from terrestrial animals whilst aquatic animals like squid contain large amounts of collagen. methods: in order to make effective use of marine organisms, we selected persian gulf squid in 2015 to extract the required...

Use of pesticides can have substantial nonlethal impacts on nontarget species, including driving evolutionary change, often with unknown consequences for species, ecosystems, and society. Hyalella azteca, a species complex of North American freshwater amphipods, is widely used for toxicity testing of water and sediment and has frequently shown toxicity due to pyrethroid pesticides. We demonstra...

Aquatic prey subsidies entering terrestrial habitats are well documented, but little is known about the degree to which these resources provide fitness benefits to riparian consumers. Riparian species take advantage of seasonal pulses of both terrestrial and aquatic prey, although aquatic resources are often overlooked in studies of how diet influences the reproductive ecology of these organism...

Aquatic plants have attracted attention in recent years because of the unexpected presence of CAM (e.g. Keeley 1981; Richardson et al. 1984) and C4 (Bowes & Salvucci 1984; Spencer, Wetzel & Teeri 1996; Reiskind et al. 1997; Keeley 1998a) photosynthetic pathways. Indeed, it now appears that the aquatic environment is home to as great a diversity of photosynthetic pathways as terrestrial environm...

We comparatively examined the trunk musculature and prezygapophyseal angle of mid-trunk vertebra in eight urodele species with different locomotive modes (aquatic Siren intermedia, Amphiuma tridactylum, Necturus maculosus and Andrias japonicus; semi-aquatic Cynops pyrrhogaster, Cynops ensicauda; and terrestrial Hynobius nigrescens, Hynobius lichenatus and Ambystoma tigrinum). We found that the ...