Red crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is widely farmed in the southern states of Louisiana and Texas. It is the most valuable of commercial crayfish species in the United States, where it is considered a delicacy. In recent years, its availability has decreased due to environmental contamination by toxic chemicals including lead. In the present study, we conducted a ninety-six-hour static renewal ...

The mouse bioassay (MBA) for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins has been used in the AOAC Official Method and the official Japanese method. In the AOAC Official Method, the saxitoxin (STX) standard provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is used, but no standard is used in the official Japanese method. The objective of this study was to compare the toxicity of decarbamoy...

A reliable bioassay procedure was developed to test ingested Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins on the rice delphacid Tagosodes orizicolus. Initially, several colonies were established under greenhouse conditions, using rice plants to nurture the insect. For the bioassay, an in vitro feeding system was developed for third to fourth instar nymphs. Insects were fed through Parafilm membranes on s...

The National Toxicology Program has broad responsibilities for expanding the toxicological database on the cor impact of chemical interactions with biological systems, providing data that strengthen the scientific foundation P .# for regulatory decisions, developing and validating alternative test systems, and communicating strategies and C i g c findings to the scientific community, regulatory...

one of the most chemical methods for controlling of oil spills is use of dispersants, which arewidely being used worldwide. in this research, comparison of acute toxicity of crude oil of the persian gulf-khark area (co), iranian naftroob crude oil dispersant (ind), radiagreen osd dispersant crude oil (rd), themixture of crude oil and iranian naftroob dispersant ( co-ind) and crude oil with radi...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Clostridial neurotoxins are among the most toxic substances known and cause severe illnesses in both humans and animals. A neurotoxigenic Clostridium sp. (strain RKD) isolated from intestine of decaying fish produced a novel, botulinum type B like neurotoxin as suggested by mouse bioassay, protection with anti-botulinum antibodies and PCR. The aim of the present investig...