Prediction of biodegradation processes for the organic fraction of municipal solid waste is an issue of paramount interest for efficient landfill design and management. This paper presents the results obtained from an extended field work developed in a time period of ten years. Solid waste samples from a landfill were collected at different depths in 5 holes with depth of 17 m, and analyzed in ...

A diffusion chamber is described which concentrates short-chain, volatile fatty acids from seawater while simultaneously separating them from interfering salts. The procedure relies on the passive diffusion of volatile compounds from acidified seawater samples and their subsequent absorption onto a base-impregnated filter. The method is simple, efficient, and adaptable to most commonly used met...

Previous studies on the effects of land cover influence on stream nitrogen have focused on base flow conditions or were conducted specifically within urbanized or primarily agricultural watersheds. While these studies have shown relationships between land cover and nitrogen, this relationship and the scale of influence could change during storms. The purpose of my study was to understand how la...

FT-NIR was evaluated as a method to analyze 16 components (analytes) in tobacco. For each component, spectra of 578 to 785 samples were utilized respectively as calibration samples to develop the calibration model. For all calibrations, the raw spectra were pretreated as first derivative, and Partial Least Square (PLS) was used as the calibration algorithm. About 50 randomly selected validation...

The quality and nutritional value for both fish protein concentrate (FPC) made from tilapia by-products as well as salt-biscuits supplemented with 5% FPC were evaluated. The resultant product (FPC) was composed (on wet weight) of 4.18% moisture, 68.83% protein content, 0.75% lipid and 25.39% ash and it was more uniform in color and texture. In addition, the pH value was 6.67 and total volatile ...

The extent of digestion of high fibre spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay by sheep was examined to determine the factors which limit its utilization. The mean organic matter (OM) intake (22 g/kgu.'3/day) and digestibility (39%) were low and all animals were in negative energy and nitrogen balance. Mean retention time in the rumen for the liquid phase marker (Cr-EDTA) was long (17.9 hours) a...

Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring biological process in which large numbers of anaerobic bacteria convert organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide (a mixture called biogas) in the absence of air. It is a widely used biological process for treating wastewater solids. This process stabilizes the organic matter in wastewater solids, reduces pathogens and odors, and reduces the tot...

Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring biological process in which large numbers of anaerobic bacteria convert organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide (a mixture called biogas) in the absence of air. It is a widely used biological process for treating wastewater solids. This process stabilizes the organic matter in wastewater solids, reduces pathogens and odors, and reduces the tot...

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments prompted an increased urgency to find new ways to treat airstreams containing volatile organic compounds, which affect the nitrogen photolytic cycle and help produce ground-level ozone, hazardous air pollutants, and odorous air emissions such as hydrogen sulfide. Scientists at the New Jersey company Envirogen have adapted traditional biofiltration technology to...