A total of 1243 records of 585 dairy Friesian cows collected through 8 years (1997-2004) were used to study factors affecting retention of placenta and its influence on reproductive performance and milk production. The obtained results showed that the percentage of retained placenta averaged 24.90%, the highest percentage was in the year 1998 (46.3%) and it increased significantly (P<0.05) with...

PhD scholar, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. PhD scholar, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. PhD scholar, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana Assistant Professor...

Considerable confusion surrounds the use of the term surveillance in the context of public health but the principles underlying all uses are as old as epidemiology itself. William Farr has contributed more than anyone else to the development of these principles and to the demonstration of their value in practice on a large scale. This paper re-examines the basic tenets which guided him and the ...

BACKGROUND To offer vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in a hospital setting is recommended in international guidelines, but offering VBAC in out-of-hospital settings is considered controversial. This study describes neonatal and maternal outcomes in mothers who started labor in German out-of-hospital settings. METHOD In a retrospective analysis of German out-of-hospital data from 2005 to 20...