BACKGROUND The water-deficit equation {WD(1) = 0.6 × B(m) × [1 - (140 ÷ Na(+))]; B(m) denotes body mass} is used in medicine and nutrition to estimate the volume (L) of water required to correct dehydration during the initial stages of fluid-replacement therapy. Several equation assumptions may limit its accuracy, but none have been systematically tested. OBJECTIVES We quantified the potentia...

BACKGROUND As a reduction of water spaces is expected in the elderly because of fat-free mass loss, disease is often associated with increased hydration. The present study compared water spaces and cellular hydration in adults, healthy and diseased aged patients. METHODS An open study was conducted in 6 geriatric wards and a nutrition laboratory involving 85 aged diseased persons, 68 healthy ...

Lean body mass, calculated from the measurement of total body water using antipyrine space, was estimated in 29 males and 27 females. It was found that the lean body mass could be predicted from the height and weight, and formulae for both males and females have been produced with multiple correlation coefficients (r) of 0.96 and 0.83 respectively.

Acknowledging that total body water (TBW) turnover is complex, and that no measurement is valid for all situations, this review evaluates 13 hydration assessment techniques. Although validated laboratory methods exist for TBW and extracellular volume, no evidence incontrovertibly demonstrates that any concentration measurement, including plasma osmolality (P(osm)), accurately represents TBW gai...

The New Zealand sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri, is the deepest- and longest-diving sea lion. We were interested in whether the diving ability of this animal was related to changes in its at-sea and diving metabolic rates. We measured the metabolic rate, water turnover and diving behavior of 12 lactating New Zealand sea lions at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands Group, New Zealand (50 de...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on body water status markers of rugby players at basal condition and following a simulation of rugby sevens match. METHODS TWELVE RECREATIONAL RUGBY SEVENS PLAYERS PLAYED THREE MATCHES: one day before Ramadan (before Ramadan), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (Beg-R) and at the end of Ramadan (End-R). Before and immediately after each m...

概要 諸種 内分 泌疾患 々者についてtotal exchangeable sodium (Nae)お よびpotassium (Ke)を 測定 し,得 た成績 をtotal body water (TBW)か ら算出 したlean body massと の関連 において比較 した. 原発性 アル ドス テロ ン症ではNaeは 著増 し, Keは 減少 していた.一 方続発性 アル ドステ ロン症を伴な つた腎尿 細管 性 アシ ドージスでは, Naeお よびTBWの 増加は な くKeは 著減 していた. Cushing症 候 群 ではKeは 減少 していた. Addison病 では予想 されたNaeの 減少, Keの 増加 はみ られなかつた.褐 色 細胞腫 ではNae, Keお よびTBWは いずれ も正常 であつた.甲 状線機能亢 進症 ではNae増 加, Ke減 少 の傾 ...

A theoretical efficiency has been calculated from the known urea clearance of the artificial kidney, the assumed total body water of the patient, and the initial plasma urea. The efficiency of dialysis never significantly exceeded the calculated figure. In some patients with trauma or glomerulonephritis the efficiency was very poor whereas in patients with renal failure complicating pregnancy t...

1. Multi-frequency bio-impedance analysis has been used to estimate extracellular and total body water in a heterogeneous group of 43 surgical patients (23 males, 20 females). 2. Radioisotope-dilution methods were used for the measurement of extracellular and total body water. 3. Resistance and reactance were measured between wrist and ankle at frequencies from 5 kHz to 1 MHz. 4. Extracellular ...