Truth Diagrams, TDs, are a new diagrammatic notation for propositional logic. TDs provide: (1) representations of logical states of affairs and relations; (2) operators on such relations; (3) a test of the validity of derivations. A proof of one of de Morgan’s laws is given as an illustration of TDs. Truth Diagrams (TDs) were invented as part of a programme of research on the Representational E...

It is unknown whether diet quality is associated with microvascular structure. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality, reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines, with retinal microvascular calibre in older adults. The dietary data of 2720 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants, aged 50+ years, were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. A modified version...

Materials and methods: Performance and nutrient digestibility were determined for pigs consuming either water treated by reverse osmosis (RO; 219 mg total dissolved solutes (TDS) per L, 29 mg sulfates per L) or untreated ground water (3078 mg TDS per L, 1650 mg sulfates per L). In each of two experiments, approximately 240 pigs (20 ± 3 days of age, 5.9 ± 1.0 kg) received either RO-treated or un...

Many lakes located in the Songnen Plain of China exhibit a high saline-alkaline level. 25 lakes in the Songnen Plain were selected as research objects in this study. Water samples in these lakes were collected from June to August in 2008. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Alkalinity (TA) were measured to assess the saline-alkaline level, and partial canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ...

Transdermal Delivery System (TDS) is a liquid formulation which can be applied to the skin via a metered pump spray to deliver drug across skin. This placebo controlled, double blind trial compared anaesthetic properties of two TDS systems (TDS alpha and TDS beta) with placebo. The active and placebo treatments were applied to the dorsum of the hands, bilaterally and simultaneously for 5 min on...

The role of calcium ions (Ca) in the generation of transient depolarizations (TDs) by acetylstrophanthidin was examined. Transmembrane activity was recorded from isolated canine false tendons exposed to acetylstrophanthidin; concentrations from 7.5 X 10"" to 2 X 10-" g/ml caused TDs coupled to driven action potentials and depressed slow diastolic depolarization. TDs could reach threshold and in...

in this research, the groundwater quality of hoz–e–soltan lake and its catchment was studied for drinking, domestic and irrigation uses according to different parameters. this lake with 195 km2 catchment area is located 85 km of southwest of tehran–qom highway. in order to investigate groundwater quality characteristics in the study area, 34 data from water of well belong to 2008 selected to pr...

Air merupakan sumber kehidupan bagi semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. Manusia membutuhkan air yang mengandung mineral tertentu sesuai standar dan tidak melebihi batas ditetapkan WHO, sehingga mengganggu kesehatan Total Dissolved Solid meter juga dikenal sebagai TDS adalah alat digunakan untuk mengukur jumlah partikel padat terlarut dalam air. Pada penelitian ini dirancang ukur terhubung ke ...

The Colorado River is a principal source of water for 40 million people and farmlands in seven states the western US Republic Mexico. river has been under intense pressure from effects climate change anthropogenic activities associated with population growth leading to elevated total dissolved solid (TDS) suspended (TSS) concentrations. Elevated TDS- TSS-related issues basin have direct negativ...

Corrosion is a physicochemical reaction occurring between the metal and its surroundings, which usually has an electrochemical nature and results in changes in the properties of the metal. The corrosive water dissolves the pipe’s material during flowing and this causes many problems. This study investigated the potential of corrosion and scaling of 46 water supply resources in the villages of S...