The standard approach to reasoning about polymorphic (also called recursive or self) methods is in terms of method reenement. That is, if the correctness of a (polymorphic) method f of class B depends on certain properties of another method g of B, then in any subclass of B in which g is redeened, the designer must make sure that g continues to exhibit these properties. While this allows the de...

Five metallic cations (Fe3+, Cr3+, Cal+, Mg2+, Mn2+; concentration range, 1.85 X 10-4 to 37 X 10-4 M) were incorporated individually as chlorides into nutrient broth and agar media used for the recovery of phenol-treated Escherichia coli. The effects observed varied with the concentration and the ionic species. In nutrient agar, Fe3+ and Cr3+ were generally beneficial but were toxic at 37 X 10-...

the surface water chemistry of thiruvananthapuram museum lake was carried out in the period of february 2013 to january 2014. correlation study of the parameters and overall ccme wqi (canadian council of ministers of the environment water quality index) was also prepared in the study for the lake water. the parameters analysed are cations such as ca2+, na+, mg2+ and k+ and the anions like po4-,...

abstract background and purpose: according to the reported problems in area of the inappropriateness of water quality which used for washing and staining of car apparatuses in a car factory, this research was carried out for identification of physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the consumed water in babol car factory, iran. materials and methods: physical and chemical par...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic periodontitis can stand behind modifications in the salivary and blood concentration of some bivalent cations (Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper). For this purpose, we formed a group of 30 adult patients with clinically onset chronic periodontitis, and another one of 30 healthy patients as control. Both groups were free from acute ora...

One variable at a time procedure was used to evaluate the effect of qualitative variables on the production of tannase from Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem. These variables including: fermentation technique, agitation condition, tannins source, adding carbohydrates incorporation with tannic acid, nitrogen source type and divalent cations. Submerged fermentation under intermittent shaking gave the...

Aqueous solutions of tetrabutylphosphonium trifluoroacetate, [P4444]CF3COO, exhibit a liquid-liquid phase transition with a lower critical solution temperature. Herein, we characterized the constituent ions, [P4444](+) and CF3COO(-), in terms of their effects on the molecular organization of H2O on the basis of 1-propanol probing methodology devised by Koga et al. The resulting characterization...

The short-range order of K P 0 3 glass has been studied by diffraction methods in order to make evident the different behaviour of the P-O bonds within the P 0 4 tetrahedron. The oxygen sites are devided into bridging and terminal (non-bridging) oxygen sites, corresponding to two P 0 bond lengths, the difference of which amounts to 14.5 pm. Previous conclusions about the changes of the P 0 bond...

the aim of this study was to develop an extended-release tablet formulation using a new in situ cross-linking method. the effects of polyvalent cations on theophylline release from tablets made with the polyanionic polymers sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, were investigated. different miliequivalents of the di and tri-valent cation, ca2+ and al3+, were added to tablet formulat...

Message Sequence Chart (MSC) speci cations have found their way into many software engineering methodologies and CASE tools, in particular in the area of telecommunications and concurrent real-time systems. MSC Speci cations often represent early life-cycle requirements and high-level design speci cations. We are considering iterating and branching MSC speci cations according to ITU-T Recommend...