in this paper we introduce the concept of topological number for locally convex topological spaces and prove some of its properties. it gives some criterions to study locally convex topological spaces in a discrete approach.

We present a new solution for the problem of ultra high energy cosmic ray events with energy up to 3 10 20 eV. Various authors have considered that these events are caused by the decay of supermassive particles emitted by topological defects formed during the symmetry breaking of a GUT. However, in the frame work of supersymmetric theories, the decay of topo-logical defects should produce not o...

We study the appearance of directed energy current in homogeneous spatially extended systems coupled to a heat bath in the presence of an external ac field E(t). The systems are described by nonlinear field equations. By making use of a symmetry analysis, we predict the right choice of E(t) and obtain directed energy transport for systems with a nonzero topological charge Q. We demonstrate that...

The present work describes a neural particle classifier system based on topological mapping of the segmented information provided by a high-energy calorimeter, a detector that measures the energy of incoming particles. The achieved classification efficiencies are above 97.50% for the higher energy particle beams, even when experimental data exhibit unavoidable contamination due to the particle ...

The non-Hermitian skin effect, as a unique feature of systems, will break the topological energy braiding Bloch bands in open boundary systems. Going beyond band theory, we unveil non-Bloch by introducing one-dimensional tight-binding model. We find generic class such Hopf link, which is generally generated effect. topologically robust against any perturbations without gap closing. Furthermore,...

• The Writhe and Torsion are used to define a local topological free energy of proteins. High conformations independent sequence. secondary structure. may be related the rate limiting step in protein folding. Protein folding, process by which proteins attain 3-dimensional conformation necessary for their function, remains an important unsolved problem biology. A major gap our understanding is h...

Magnetic resonances driven by current-induced torques are crucial tools to study magnetic materials but very limited in frequency and mechanical efficiency. We propose an alternative mechanism, voltage-induced torque, realize high efficiency generating high-frequency magnetization dynamics. When a ferromagnet--topological insulator--ferromagnet trilayer heterostructure is operated as adiabatic ...