objective(s):small ubiquitin-like modifiers (sumos) are a family of ubiquitin-related, proteins that are involved in a wide variety of signaling pathways. sumoylation, as a vital post translational modification, regulate protein function in manycellular processes. diazinon (dzn), an organophosphate insecticide, causses oxidative stress and subsequently programmed cell death in different tissues...

Commercial buckwheat flours were investigated for their antioxidant activities, free, and bound phenolic compositions using spectrophotometer, LC–ESI-IT-MS, and LC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Farinetta flour contained the highest free and bound phenolic contents, followed by Supreme, whole buckwheat, and Fancy flour, respectively. The 50% ethanol extraction achieved significantly higher free phenolic content...

Stimulated exocytosis of intracellular granules plays a critical role in conversion of inactive, circulating neutrophils to fully activated cells capable of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing. The functional changes induced by exocytosis of each of the granule subsets, gelatinase (tertiary) granules, specific (secondary) granules, and azurophil (primary) granules, are poorly define...