The combination of penicillin and aminoglycoside is the recommended therapy for endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS). However, the optimal aminoglycoside dosing regimen remains controversial. We compared the efficacies of four regimens of tobramycin alone or combined with procaine penicillin in the therapy of rabbits with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus adjacens,...

P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, there have been no effective model systems for studying biofilm formation in the CF lung. We have developed a tissue culture system for growth of P. aeruginosa biofilms on CF-derived human airway cells that promotes the formation of highly antibiotic-resistant microcolonies, which produce an extracellul...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia remains a difficult therapeutic problem. Optimal doses and modes of administration of single agents often do not result in acceptable outcomes. Further, emergence of resistance occurs frequently in this setting with single-agent chemotherapy. The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate combination chemotherapy with meropenem plus tobramycin for P. aeruginos...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen causing infections in critically ill patients. This organism has acquired the propensity to rapidly develop resistance to most antibiotics. At several hospitals within Cape Town, South Africa, tobramycin and colistin are frequently the only therapeutic options. Vitek2 automated susceptibility testing (AST) is used in the clinical laboratory...

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram negative pathogens (n: 699) isolated from nosocomial infections in Hacettepe University Adult Hospital included in MYSTIC programme between 2000-2004 were determined by Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) using CLSI criteria. Of the total Escherichia coli (n: 179), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n: 168), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n: 179) and Acinetobacter bauma...

A total of 157 patients were treated with tobramycin or amikacin in a controlled prospective randomized trial. Dosages were adjusted to renal function according to a nomogram. Trough and peak aminoglycoside levels were available at the end of the trial. Of the above total, 113 recipients of nine or more doses of tobramycin or six or more doses of amikacin, without other apparent cause of renal ...

Rabbit corneas were infected with a tobramycin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration, 31.25 micrograms/ml) strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 (10(3) colony-forming units) and were treated 22 hours later with collagen corneal shields hydrated in either 25 mg/ml ciprofloxacin, 40 mg/ml norfloxacin, 40 mg/ml tobramycin, or deionized water. Shields were removed at 26 hours postinfection, ...

Aminoglycoside-induced proteinuria may result from general renal damage or may reflect alterations in specific steps in the renal handling of proteins. To differentiate between the two possibilities, experiments were designed to quantify the effects of nephrotoxic doses of gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin in the intact rat, isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) and kidney slices using the cat...

We sought to determine whether there was an interaction between aminoglycoside use and shock in their effect on renal function among seriously ill patients suspected of having gram-negative sepsis. Serial serum creatinine determinations were used to estimate changes in creatinine clearance rates in 179 patients entered onto a prospective randomized trial of tobramycin-nafcillin versus cefotaxim...

Dilution of sera containing gentamicin or tobramycin in glass containers results in substantial adsorption of the antibiotic to the surface of the container, which can be prevented if acidic or basic solutions are used to dilute such sera. We describe protocols for radioimmunoassays of gentamicin and tobramycin that include solutions and containers that obviate this problem.