New copper plating bath chemisties are being developed to meet the emerging need of plating copper into submicron features on semiconductor wafers. These chemistries are designed to provide a fast, efficient, fill for even the most challenging wafer terrain. It has been found that maintaining the concentration of the additives in these plating baths at certain levels is critical to the performa...

54 ELECTROLESS PLATING OF NICKELONTO 4,059,710 1 1/1977 Nishiyama .......................... 427/438 SURFACES SUCH AS COPPER OR FUSED 4,136,216 1/1979 Feldstein ....... ... 427/306 TUNGSTON 4,167,416 9/1979 Zola ......... ... 427/438 4,220,678 9/1980 Feldstein ... ... 427/305 75) Inventor: Jon E. Bengston, Newington, Conn. 4,239,813 12/1980 Murakami. ... 427A306 s 4,276,323 6/1981 Oka ............

Complex fractures provide a unique challenge to the musculoskeletal surgeon. Traditional fracture reduction techniques are not always feasible, and often difficult depending on the anatomic area involved. We describe a novel technique, called layered plating, which can ease anatomic reduction and fixation of complex fractures. The aim of this paper was to describe 3 applications for layered pla...

Electroless nickel plating baths have to be discarded when levels of phosphites build up and interfere with the plating process. OWMC funded research conducted at ORTECH International to determine whether phosphites could be removed from plating bath solution. The first attempt to do this by adsorption on flyash was unsuccessful. However, the use of calcium ion to precipitate calcium phosphite ...

Determination of the characteristic CP-violating quantity sin(2β) should be the central goal of a B-meson factory in its first-round experiments. Except the gold-plated channels B d → ψK S and ψK L , three other types of B d decays to CP eigenstates can also serve for the extraction of sin(2β) in the standard model: (a) the CP-forbidden

objective(s):anodized treated titanium surfaces, have been proposed as potential surfaces with better cell attachment capacities. we have investigated the adhesion and proliferation properties of h9c2 cardiac myoblasts on anodized treated titanium surface.  materials and methods: surface topography and anodized tubules were examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (sem). control...

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has become a widely accepted technique to treat distal tibial fractures. Recently, the novel application of a locking plate used as an external fixator (supercutaneous plating) was introduced for the management of open fractures and infected nonunions and even as an adjunct in distraction osteogenesis, which is considered another less invasive meth...