Under conditions of high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drying, restricting transpiration is an important avenue to gain efficiency in water use. The question we raise in this article is whether breeding for agro-ecological environments that differ for the rainfall have selected for traits that control plant water use. These are measured in pearl millet materials bred for zones varying i...

patients and methods this retrospective cohort study included 405 renal transplant patients from kerman university of medical sciences hospital, kerman, iran from 2004 to 2010. kaplan-meier method was used to estimate survival rates of patients, and time-dependent cox regression was used to examine the effect of allograft failure on patient survival. results during 4.06 years (median) of follow...

This paper considers a time dependent(the travel time is not constant throughout the day) pollution routing problem (TDPRP), which aids the decision makers in minimizing travel time, toll cost and emitted pollution cost.  In complexity of urban areas most of the time one point is accessible from another with more than one edge. In contrast to previous TDPRP models, which are designed with only ...

Pistachio butter (semi solid paste), which is made from roasted pistachio kernels, is an appropriate alternative to work on because of its high nutritional and economical values. In this study, timedependent flow properties of pistachio butter were determined at two different temperatures (25˚C and 45˚C) for five different formulations (with different levels of emulsifying agents). Forward a...

Changes in the 2 H and 18 O of atmospheric water vapour provide information for integrating aspects of gas exchange within forest canopies. In this study, we show that diurnal fluctuations in the oxygen isotope ratio ( δ 18 O) as high as 4‰ were observed for water vapour ( δ 18 O vp ) above and within an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Values o...

Changes in the 2H and 18O of atmospheric water vapour provide information for integrating aspects of gas exchange within forest canopies. In this study, we show that diurnal fluctuations in the oxygen isotope ratio (delta 18O) as high as 4% per hundred were observed for water vapour (delta (18)Ovp) above and within an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest region of the United St...

Ultrasoinc acoustic emissions (UAEs) can be used as index of plant water deficit. In order to avoid background noise interference, the UAEs detecting frequency is more than 100 KHz. The relationships between conduits embolism and transpiration describe mathematical relationship degree physiologies, namely transpiration-embolism curve (TEC). physiological activities are closely related with body...

in this paper mathematical structure of time-dependent lagrangian systems and their symmetries are extended and the explicit relation between constants of motion and infinitesimal symmetries of time-dependent lagrangian systems are considered. starting point is time-independent lagrangian systems ,then we extend mathematical concepts of these systems such as equivalent lagrangian systems to the...