in this research, the structural behavior of timber and concrete sleepers in a standard railway turnout is evaluated, in the case of raising speed. in approaching this evaluation, current practices in the structural analysis of sleepers are surveyed and then, the sensitivity analysis with abaqus software is made based on selected criteria (bending and shear stresses as well as contact pressure)...

Climate change may impact forest management activities with important implications for forest ecosystems. However, most climate change research on forests has focused on climate-driven shifts in species ranges, forest carbon, and hydrology. To examine how climate change may alter timber harvesting and forest operations in north temperate forests, we asked: 1) How have winter conditions changed ...

The European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA), and Australia have adopted specific measures to avoid the placing of illegal timber on their markets. These measures might encourage the diversion of timber products from traditional large importers to destinations with a less stringent regulatory framework. During 2001–2013, the international trade in tropical primary timber products...

In Norway, young pine trees serve as important winter browse for moose. In a model that simultaneously optimizes rotation length and moose management, moose density and harvest are set to trade off hunting values and timber damage, and adjust to changes in forage availability as the forest is logged. Simultaneously, logging times are chosen to maximize both timber and hunting values. Two possib...

A hybrid data collection method involving primary and secondary data is used to develop a regional computable general equilibrium model. The region-specific computable general equilibrium follows the Johansen solution technique and is used to simulate the potential economic impacts resulting from a Mountain Pine Beetle infestation in the Northern Interior Forest Region of British Columbia, Cana...

Vibrations induced by people walking is one of the most important issue in timber floor design. Low natural frequency and low mass require a careful analysis in order to prevent significant annoyance and to guarantee an acceptable human comfort. This paper is concerned with the assessment of vibration performance of a timber-concrete composite timber floor and a cross laminated timber floor use...

This study assessed the economic impact of the potential reduction of timber supply to the local forest industry and the local economy from a proposed reservoir in Northeast Texas --Marvin Nichols I Reservoir. The study first evaluated the forested acres at the reservoir site and those under habitat mitigation requirements, providing a foundation for timber supply impact assessment. Then, the t...

Wind and earthquake disasters in the world often cause billions of dollars of damage to buildings, most of which is to non-engineered buildings-especially homes. Wood-frame homes use connectors which exhibit partial rotational rigidity at the member ends, making analytical solutions difficult. This is due to the lack of information about the complex behavior of the connections used in this type...

In this paper, we describe the TIMBER XML database system implemented at University of Michigan. TIMBER was one of the first native XML database systems, designed from the ground up to store and query semi-structured data. A distinctive principle of TIMBER is its algebraic underpinning. Central contributions of the TIMBER project include: (1) tree algebras that capture the structural nature of ...

This article presents information on employment and payroll generated per unit volume of timber or wood fiber processed by the various manufacturing sectors of Montana's forest products industry for 19871989. Average employment ranged from a high of 117 workers per million cubic feet (mmcf) of wood fiber processed at house log plants, to a low of 12 workers per mmcf at stud mills. Employment-co...