Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord has been the subject of intense research for the last ten years. An important motivation for this technique is its ability to detect non-invasively neuronal activity in the spinal cord related to sensorimotor functions in various conditions, such as after spinal cord lesions. Although promising results of spinal cord fMRI have aris...

[1] Ship and mooring data collected off the coast of New Jersey are used to describe the nonlinear internal wave (NLIW) field and the background oceanographic conditions that formed the waveguide on the shelf. The subinertial, inertial, and tidal circulation are described in detail, and the background fluid state is characterized using the coefficients of the extendedKorteweg–deVries equation. ...

[1] This study focuses on interannual variations of diurnal tropospheric heating and the response in the mesosphere observed by radars and predicted by a model. The work is prompted by reports of interannual variability in amplitudes of tidal variables at low latitudes. Diurnal tides observed at Hawaii and Christmas Island exhibit a pronounced ‘‘spike’’ in amplitude from late 1997 to early 1998...

Previous studies have demonstrated that high tidal volumes can cause interstitial and alveolar edema, with degradation of pulmonary epithelial barrier integrity. Separate studies have shown that F-actin disruption and decreased intracellular ATP (ATP(i)) levels in the nonpulmonary epithelium can increase tight junction (TJ) permeability. We hypothesized that large epithelial stretch perturbs AT...

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of midcervical spinal cord injury on respiratory outputs and compare respiratory recovery following high- vs. midcervical spinal injury. A unilateral hemisection (Hx) in the spinal cord at C2 or C4 was performed in adult rats. Respiratory behaviors of unanesthetized animals were measured at normoxic baseline and hypercapnia by whole body ...

The effect of mechanical ventilation on the diaphragm motor cortex remains unknown. We assessed the effect of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm motor cortex excitability by measuring the costal and crural diaphragm motor-evoked potential (MEP) elicited by single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. In six healthy subjects, MEP recruitment curves of the costal and crural diaphragms we...

Screening patients for the possibility of sleep apnoea, one of the most common forms of sleep-disordered breathing, requires measurement of respiration. We propose a simple method to estimate the amplitude modulation of a respiratory tidal volume, using a semi-quantitative measure of respiration based on thoracic impedance (TI). Because respiratory volume changes may be accommodated by varying ...

Exertional oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is an ominous prognostic sign in chronic heart failure (CHF), but little is known about the success of specific therapeutic interventions. Our aim was to study the impact of an exercise training on exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary adaptation in stable CHF patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and EOV. 96 stable CHF patients with EOV we...

The generation of internal gravity waves by tidal flow over topography is an important oceanic process that redistributes tidal energy in the ocean. Internal waves reflect from boundaries, creating harmonics and mixing. We use laboratory experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations to determine the value of the topographic slope that gives the most intens...