The purpose of this study is to provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between ownership structure of French firms and their value. Using data for 510 French publicly traded firms, the current study provides evidence in support of the entrenchment hypothesis. The results show that large controlling shareholders maintaining grip on control while holding only a small fraction of cash f...

© 2009 Stephen Finlay S ince its publication in 1979, Bernard Williams’ “Internal and External Reasons”1 has been one of the most influential and widely discussed papers in ethics. I suggest here that the paper’s argument has nevertheless been universally misunderstood.2 On the standard interpretations, his argument — which he subsequently elaborated and de...

Although object-orientation has been around for several decades, its key concept abstraction has not been exploited for proper application of object-orientation in other phases of software development than the implementation phase. We mention some issues that lead to a lot of confusion and obscurity with object-orientation and its application in software development. We describe object-orientat...

This Special Issue of BioSystems is devoted to clarifying the concept, and to showing how it’s being used in various examples of empirical research. Given the obscurity that still attends the concept, however, we shouldn’t expect to find that all the ’clarifications’ are equivalent--or even mutually consistent. Similarly, we shouldn’t expect to find that the notion is applied identically in all...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 351 HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH UNFETTERED ........................................... 353 DISCRIMINATION – TELLING RIGHT FROM WRONG ............................... 355 DON’T BLAME THE MACHINE ................................................................ 358 FRAGMENTATION OF PUBLIC DISCOURSE...........