How rare are extreme-spin primordial black holes? We show how, from an underlying distribution of PBH spin, extreme-value statistics can be used to quantify the rarity spinning PBHs with Kerr parameter close 1. Using Peaks-Over-Threshold method, we how probability that a forms spin exceeding sufficiently high threshold calculated using Generalised Pareto Distribution. This allows us estimate av...

BACKGROUND Development of noise-induced hearing loss is reliant on a few factors such as frequency, intensity, and duration of noise exposure. The occurrence of this occupational malady has doubled from 120 million to 250 million in a decade. Countries such as Malaysia, India, and the US have adopted 90 dBA as the permissible exposure limit. According to the US Occupational Safety and Health Ad...

Threshold-linear networks consist of simple units interacting in the presence of a threshold nonlinearity. Competitive threshold-linear networks have long been known to exhibit multistability, where the activity of the network settles into one of potentially many steady states. In this work, we find conditions that guarantee the absence of steady states, while maintaining bounded activity. Thes...

After any distribution of secret sharing shadows in a threshold changeable secret sharing scheme, the threshold may need to be adjusted to deal with changes in the security policy and adversary structure. For example, when employees leave the organization, it is not realistic to expect departing employees to ensure the security of their secret shadows. Therefore, in 2012, Zhang et al. proposed ...

PURPOSE Identifying drug-induced liver injury is a critical task in drug development and postapproval real-world care. Severe liver injury is identified by the liver chemistry threshold of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >3× upper limit of normal (ULN) and bilirubin >2× ULN, termed Hy's law by the Food and Drug Administration. These thresholds require discontinuation of the causative drug and ar...

A common gene regulatory network model is the threshold Boolean network, used for example to model the Arabidopsis thaliana floral morphogenesis network or the fission yeast cell cycle network. In this paper, we analyze a logical model of the mammalian cell cycle network and its threshold Boolean network equivalent. Firstly, the robustness of the network was explored with respect to update pert...

The dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system for two species of microorganism in an unstirred chemostat with internal storage is studied. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient is a key parameter of determining the asymptotic dynamics, and there exists a threshold diffusion coefficient above which both species become extinct. On the other hand, for diffusion coefficient below the threshold, ...

In this paper we investigate error-thresholds on dynamics fitness-landscapes. We show that there exists both lower and an upper threshold, representing limits to the copying fidelity of simple replicators. The lower bound can be expressed as a correction term to the error-threshold present on a static landscape. The upper error-threshold is a new limit that only exists on dynamic fitnesslandsca...

Under a natural hypothesis, the cover time for a finite Markov chain can be approximated by its expectation, as the size of state space tends to infinity. This result is deduced from an abstract result concerning covering an unstructured set by i.i.d. arbitrarily-distributed random subsets. running head: Threshold limits for cover times. key words. cover time, Markov chain, random walk on graph...

The mean time taken for the degenerate parametric oscillator to quantum tunnel between its two above threshold stable states is calculated in the large photon number limit. The result is compared with an earlier approximate result using a truncated Fokker-Planck equation in the Wigner representation. This earlier theory is equivalent to stochastic electrodynamics. Our quantum theory results ind...