We present a preprocessor for the spring embedder graph drawing method and show its use in speeding up the automatic layout of three-dimensional visualizations of WWW sites. Spring embedding is a widely used method for visualizing the connections in WWW maps, as it can typically produce a reasonable layout for most general graphs. However, the technique does not scale well and to improve the pe...

We developed a visual system generator called “Rainbow” which can handle layout constraints. The system can interactively layout figures while parsing them and make the parsed figures more understandable. Rainbow can deal with “soft layout constraints.” Soft layout constraints automatically layout entire figures by using graph drawing algorithms. Soft layout constraints are more flexible than c...

Standard underarm or forearm crutches have some drawbacks induced by their rigid legs. Sping‐ loaded crutches can reduce the impact effect. However, whether or not they also improve propulsion is an open problem. We formulate a problem of the optimal performance of spring‐loaded crutches and propose a numerical approach to solve the problem. Then, the nu...

Tidally induced fluctuations and transports of microfungi were investigated. Samples were collected at three depths from three stations positioned at a transect in a large salt marsh creek. Samples were taken every 1.5 h for 50 consecutive h during neap tides and 50 consecutive h during the corresponding spring tides. In each season, microfungi concentrations fluctuated out of phase with the ti...

background: evidence proposes that maternal calcium (ca) supplement during pregnancy may be inversely associated with the off spring’s blood  pressure (bp) level. it is suggested that increased maternal ca intake during pregnancy may result in lower bp in the off spring. the reduction in the incidence of hypertension in mothers is documented but the effects on the off spring are uncertain.mater...

in order to study the effects of rate and application time of nitrogen on grain yield of rainfed wheat, water use efficiency of rain (wue), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (nae) and soil moisture depletion (smd), one experimental farm was carried out in kurdistan province during 2012-2014. tratments were five rates of nitrogen (n0, n30, n60, n90 and n120) kg.ha-1 as urea with three application ti...

Numerous techniques have been presented by different researchers to analyze piled raft. In order to analyze pile foundation, soil can be modeled as spring, continuous medium, or porous media. Pile can also be modeled as spring or continuous medium. This study includes three main stages: a short description of different types of analysis methods of pile foundation, writing a computer program bas...

The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), established in the north central and northeastern United States (U.S.) and adjacent regions in Canada, is regulated by a federal quarantine that restricts movement of pine material during specific times of the year based on the beetle's life history. Although climatic variation occurs across T. piniperda's range, a s...

Shailaja Kasibhatla, Gustavo P. Amarante-Mendes, Deborah Finucane, Thomas Brunner, Ella Bossy-Wetzel and Douglas R. Green This protocol was adapted from “Apoptosis Assays,” Chapter 15, in Cells (eds. Spector et al.). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, 1998. This three-volume set is now out of print; however, some of the microscopy methods were republished in Basic...

1. We evaluated the potential for three species of deciduous-forest herbs to exploit seasonal periods of direct irradiance. In particular, we investigated the importance of photosynthetic acclimation as a mechanism for shade-tolerant herbs to utilize direct light reaching the forest floor before canopy expansion in the spring and after canopy leaf drop in the autumn. 2. We measured the photosyn...