there are a variety of definitions about social security and threats indicating a lack of consensus on this issue, and not considering the impact of social conditions of different countries. thus, although in a scientific study considering other viewpoints can be useful, in order to be practical, we should indigenously note indigenous conditions and domestic scholar’s comments. based on this id...

Threats against psychiatrists are common, but existing studies on the subject lack descriptive information about the nature and resolution of the threat. In the present study, clinicians who had received threats were interviewed in person or by telephone, and case histories were summarized. Threats were classified as situational and transferential. Demographic factors, precipitating events, and...

Most studies of the effects of global changes on biodiversity focus on a single threat, but multiple threats lead to species extinction. We lack spatially explicit assessments of the intensity of multiple threats and their impacts on biodiversity. Here, we used a novel metric of cumulative threats and impacts to assess the consequences of multiple threats on 196 endemic species across the USA. ...

This paper discusses the emerging and future cyber threats to critical systems identified during the EU/FP7 project ICT-FORWARD. Threats were identified after extensive discussions with both domain experts and IT security professionals from academia, industry, and government organizations. The ultimate goal of the work was to identify the areas in which cyber threats could occur and cause serio...

Violence in elderly care has been reported on a global scale. The aim of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions of threats and violence, directed at themselves and other staff in community elderly care. Another aim was to describe nurses' access to prevention measures for handling threats and violence. A questionnaire was answered by registered nurses (RNs) (n=213) in community elderly ...

The potential threats China poses to Southeast Asia can be placed in two broad categories: conventional military threats and more ambiguous and subtle challenges, possibly in the guise of maintaining regional order. We recognize that these categories are part of a continuum: China employs both approaches as needed—beginning with subtle or indirect threats, and escalating when that approach fail...

It is recognised that the fact of auditor independence is generally unobservable and therefore it is only normally when cases of audit failure arise that evidence of lack of independence in fact emerges. However, in advance of investigators’ judgments on the conduct of the audit, the Enron affair and subsequent collapse of Andersen has emphasised the significance of confidence in independence i...

Marine ecosystems are threatened by a suite of anthropogenic stressors. Mitigating multiple threats is a daunting task, particularly when funding constraints limit the number of threats that can be addressed. Threats are typically assessed and prioritized via expert opinion workshops that often leave no record of the rationale for decisions, making it difficult to update recommendations with ne...

One of the most basic topics in social psychology is the way one agent influences the behaviour of another. This paper will focus on threats, which are an intensified form of attempted behavioural influence. Despite the centrality to the project of social psychology little attention has been paid to threats. This paper will start to rectify this oversight. It reviews early examples of the way s...