This paper aims to study the locomotive routing problem (LRP) which is one of the most important problems in railroad scheduling in view of involving expensive assets and high cost of operating locomotives. This problem is assigning a fleet of locomotives to a network of trains to provide sufficient power to pull them from their origins to destinations by satisfying a rich set of operational con...

Abstract Early socialism from the second half of 19th century Romania is experiencing a systematic comeback among historians and social scientists. The works Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, founding father Romanian Marxism, occupy central place in this newfound attention towards origins struggles Romania. This paper addresses Gherea’s interpretation anarchism on par with his doctrine ‘legal socia...

Murrow and Murrow offer a novel account of dehumanization, by synthesizing data which suggest that where subject S has a dehumanized view of group G, S's neural mechanisms of empathy show a dampened response to the suffering of members of G, and S's judgments about the humanity of members of G are largely non-conscious. Here I examine Murrow and Murrow's suggestions about how identity-based hat...

virtue epistemology is a class of recent approaches to epistemologythat, in contrast with analytic epistemology, focuses on epistemicevaluation of persons’ properties, rather than properties of beliefs.this paper seeks to explain the nature of virtue epistemology as wellas its main approaches. explaining the nature of epistemic virtue as areliable belief-forming faculty and the character traits...

this paper seeks to examine the current situation of development in the middle east and particularly the challenges ahead of the region in attaining sustainable development and human development in the near future. the elitist theory is adopted as the conceptual framework for the research, since in the absence of institutionalization, the attitudes and behavior of power-holders serve as valid g...

with increasing frequency, the developing countries and the people living there are being affected by disasters. more and more often, development efforts are being destroyed. the reason for this trend is their growing vulnerability, which in turn is the result of economic and social development processes, such as the expansion of settlements and agricultural land in risk areas. the economic and...