Experimental measurements of the thermal expansion coefficient (alpha), permeability (k), and diffusivity (D) of water and 1 M solutions of NaCl and CaCl(2) are interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of water in a 3 nm gap between glass plates. MD shows that there is a layer approximately 6 A thick near the glass surface that has alpha approximately 2.3 times higher and...

BACKGROUND The optic nerve is frequently injured in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, resulting in visual dysfunction, which may be reflected by measures distant from the site of injury. OBJECTIVE To determine how retinal nerve fiber layer as a measure of axonal health, and macular volume as a measure of neuronal health are related to changes in myelin water fraction in the optic r...

Whenever a hand or a rotary instrument is used to eliminate tooth tissue, the mineralized matrix shatters rather then being uniformly sheared, producing considerably quantities of cutting debris. Much of the debris made up of very small particles of mineralized collagen matrix over the surface of dentin is known as smear layer. The clinical outcome of dental restorations is dependent upon the s...

in this study, mathematical modeling of hot air-drying of thin-layer papaya (carica papaya l.) slices with 5±1 mm thickness pretreated in osmotic solution (50% sucrose) was investigated. thin-layer drying was conducted under three different drying temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °c at a constant air velocity of 0.9±0.1 m/s and absolute humidity of 0.6 ± 0.02 g of water/kg of dry air. it was found...

[1] Analysis of Martian gravity and topography implies that crustal thickness variations created in the earliest evolution of planet have persisted to the present day. Relaxation of crustal thickness variations due to lower crustal flow by thermally activated creep is strongly temperature-dependent and so, for particular crustal rheology and thickness, provides a constraint on thermal evolution...

The use of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) in plasma medicine have produced encouraging results in wound treatment, surface sterilization, deactivation of bacteria, and treatment of cancer cells. It is known that many of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by the APPJ are critical to these processes. Other key components to treatment include the ion and photon fluxes, and...

The flow characteristics of aqueous foams were studied in a thin flow channel and a round pipe instrumented for pressure gradient and flow rate measurements. The quality of the foam was varied by controlling the volumetric flow rate of liquid and gas, and different flow types were identified and charted. Uniform foams move as a rigid body lubricated by water generated by breaking foam at the wa...

Monte Carlo method was used to study the characteristics of neutron interactions with cells underneath a water medium layer with varying thickness. The following results were obtained. (1) The fractions of neutron interaction with 1H, 12C, 14N and 16O nuclei in the cell layer were studied. The fraction with 1H increased with increasing medium thickness, while decreased for 12C, 14N and 16O nucl...