Thermobaric convection (type II convection) and thermobaric cabbeling (type III convection) might substantially contribute to vertical mixing, vertical heat transport, and deep-water formation in the World Ocean.However, the extent of this contribution remains poorly constrained. The concept of ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the thermobaric energy source for type II and ty...

Most CMIP5 models unrealistically form Antarctic Bottom Water by open ocean deep convection in the Weddell and Ross Seas. To identify the triggering mechanisms leading to Southern Ocean deep convection in models, we perform sensitivity experiments on the ocean model NEMO forced by prescribed atmospheric fluxes. We vary the ver-5 tical velocity scale of the Langmuir turbulence, the fraction of t...

For thermal mixed-convection flows, the Nusselt number is a function of Reynolds number, Grashof number and the angle between the forcedand natural-convection directions. We consider flow over a heated cylinder for which there is no universal correlation that accurately predicts Nusselt number as a function of these parameters, especially in opposing-convection flows, where the natural convecti...

5 This paper studies the significance of MJO convection asymmetry through composites 6 of kinematic and thermodynamic fields associated with predominantly symmetric and pre7 dominantly antisymmetric MJO convection using ECMWF Interim Reanalysis. The MJO 8 events were identified based on the primary MJO modes extracted from the IR brightness 9 temperature in Part I of this work. The predominantl...

INTRODUCTION Recent randomised controlled trials suggest that on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) improves survival, provided that it reaches high convective volumes. However, there is scant information on the feasibility and the consequences of modifying convection volumes in clinics. METHODS Twelve stable dialysis patients were treated with high-flux 1.8 m2 polysulphone dialyzers and 4 level...

Thermomagnetic convection in a differentially heated square cavity with an infinitely long third dimension is numerically simulated using the single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method LBM . This problem is of considerable interest when dealing with cooling of microelectronic devices, in situations where natural convection does not meet the cooling requirements, and forced convection is no...

There are at least three distinct timescales that are relevant for the evolution of atmospheric convection. These are the timescale of the forcing mechanism, the timescale governing the response to a steady forcing and the timescale of the response to variations in the forcing. The last of these, tmem, is associated with convective lifecycles, which provide an element of memory in the system. A...

In the solar convection zone, rotation couples with intensely turbulent convection to build global-scale flows of differential rotation and meridional circulation. Our sun must have rotated more rapidly in its past, as is suggested by observations of many rapidly rotating young solar-type stars. Here we explore the effects of more rapid rotation on the patterns of convection in such stars and t...

Thermal convection in a dielectric fluid layer between two parallel plates subjected to an alternating electric field and a temperature gradient is investigated under microgravity conditions. A thermoelectric coupling resulting from the thermal variation of the electric permittivity of the fluid produces the dielectrophoretic (DEP) body force, which can be regarded as thermal buoyancy due to an...

Water vapor in the lower stratosphere exhibits localized maximum values during Northern Hemisphere summer in the Asian and North American (NA) monsoon regions. The processes maintaining these maxima are not well understood. We analyze the variability of water vapor in the monsoon regions based on Aura Microwave Limb Sounder satellite observations during 2005–2013 and quantify links to deep conv...