A series of Mn-based intercalation compounds have been applied as the cathode materials of Li-ion batteries, such as LiMn2O4, LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, etc. With open structures, intercalation compounds exhibit a wide variety of thermodynamic and kinetic properties depending on their crystal structures, host chemistries, etc. Understanding these materials from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view ...

The helical stability of poly-L-glutamic acid and poly-Lornithine in aqueous alcohol solutions was studied by optical rotatory dispersion and potentiometric titration determinations. It was found that aliphatic alcohols enhance the stability of the helix according to the series methanol < ethanol < I-propanol < I-butanol. The role of secondary and tertiary alcohols was also investigated. Thermo...

This study presents statistical relationships between cloud-top cloud thermodynamic phase and aerosols (dust, polluted dust and smoke) as well as meteorological variables (vertical velocity at 500 hPa, lower tropospheric static stability (LTSS) and surface temperature) to infer the influence of atmospheric dynamics on cloud thermodynamic phase using a combination of global satellite observation...

Thermodynamic information is central to assessment of the stability and reactivity of materials. However, because of both the demanding nature of experimental thermodynamics and the virtually unlimited number of conceivable compounds, experimental data is often unavailable or, for hypothetical materials, necessarily impossible to obtain. We describe simple procedures for thermodynamic predictio...

RNA polymers are constructed from four distinct nucleotide bases. The sequence of these nucleotide bases determines both the folded conformation and the biological function of RNA. It recently has been established that disparately related functional classes of evolved RNA possess similar base composition biases despite a lack of sequence similarity, folded structure, or metabolic function. We h...

Thermodynamic stability and refolding kinetics of firefly luciferase and three representative mutants with depletion of negative charge on a flexible loop via substitution of Glu by Arg (ER mutant) or Lys (EK mutant) as well as insertion of another Arg in ER mutants (ERR mutant) was investigated. According to thermodynamic studies, structural stability of ERR and ER mutants are enhanced compare...

Although widely used in bioassays, the spectrofluorimetric method described here uses the antenna effect as a tool to probe the thermodynamic parameters of ligands that sensitize lanthanide luminescence. The Eu(3+) coordination chemistry, solution thermodynamic stability, and photophysical properties of the spermine-based hydroxypyridonate octadentate chelator 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) are reported. T...

Both microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) share a common set of cellular proteins (Dicer and the RNA-induced silencing complex [RISC]) to elicit RNA interference. In the following work, a statistical analysis of the internal stability of published miRNA sequences in the context of miRNA precursor hairpins revealed enhanced flexibility of miRNA precursors, especially at the 5'-an...

This paper reviews the molecular theory of hydrophobic effects relevant to biomolecular structure and assembly in aqueous solution. Recent progress has resulted in simple, validated molecular statistical thermodynamic theories and clarification of confusing theories of decades ago. Current work is resolving effects of wider variations of thermodynamic state, e.g., pressure denaturation of solub...

Introduction Glycine having three polymorphs (α, β and γ) at ambient conditions differs in the arrangement of zwitterions in the hydrogen-bonding network and the physical and chemical properties. For insight into the differences in the relative thermodynamic stability of the glycine polymorphs, we apply a novel method of concurrent analysis of multi-temperature atomic displacement parameters (A...