The thermodynamic uncertainty relation provides an inequality relating any mean current, the associated dispersion and the entropy production rate for arbitrary nonequilibrium steady states. Applying it here to a general model of a molecular motor running against an external force or torque, we show that the thermodynamic efficiency of such motors is universally bounded by an expression involvi...

The present study provides a thermodynamic analysis of solar thermochemical cycles for splitting of H2O or CO2. Such cycles, powered by concentrated solar energy, have the potential to produce fuels in a sustainable way. We extend a previous study on the thermodynamics of water splitting by also taking into account CO2 splitting and the influence of the solar absorption efficiency. Based on thi...

The blends formed mixing hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and hydrocarbons (HC) can be classified as semi-natural refrigerants since, by optimizing the composition, it is in principle possible to adapt basic features such as GWP, TEWI and flammability to the industrial and environmental requirements. However, the energetic efficiency must be competitive with the traditional refrigerants. To evaluate th...

The paper presents a comparison of various CHP system configurations, such as Vapour Turbine, Gas Turbine, Internal Combustion Engine, External Combustion Engine (Stirling, Ericsson), when different thermodynamic criteria are considered, namely the first law efficiency and exergy efficiency. Thermodynamic optimization of these systems is performed intending to maximize the exergy, when various ...

Molecular motors convert chemical energy into mechanical work while operating in an environment dominated by Brownian motion. The aim of this paper is to explore the flow of energy between the molecular motors and its surroundings, in particular, its efficiency. Based on the Fokker-Planck equation with either N or infinite chemical states, we find that the energy efficiency of the molecular mot...

We construct an entangled quantum Otto engine based on spin-1/2 systems undergoing Dzyaloshinski–Moriya (DM) interaction within a varying magnetic field. We investigate the influence of the DM interaction on basic thermodynamic quantities, including heat transfer, work done, and efficiency and find that the DM interaction importantly influences the engine's thermodynamics. We obtain an expressi...

Enzymatic Reaction at the Single Molecule Level Moisés Santillán∗ Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, 66600 Apodaca NL, MÉXICO Abstract In this work we study, at the single molecular level, the thermodynamic and dynamic characteristics of an enzymatic reaction comprising a rate limiting step. We investigate ho...

The purpose of this research is to investigate thermoeconomic optimization and exergy analysis of transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with an ejector. After modeling thermodynamic equations of elements and considering optimization parameters of emerging temperature of gas of cooler (Tgc) , emerging pressure of cooler's gas (Pgc) , and eva...

Although its practical efficiency is unquestionable, the thermodynamic tool presents a slight inconsistency from the theoretical point of view. After exposing arguments, which explain this opinion, a suggestion is put forward to solve the problem. It consists of linking the mass-energy relation ±∆mc2 to the laws of thermodynamics. This combination results in a clarification of the theory and op...

Thermodynamic analysis of an ideal air-standard Atkinson cycle with temperature dependant specific heat is presented in this paper. The paper outlines the effect of maximizing power density on the performance of the cycle efficiency. The power density is defined as the ratio of the power output to the maximum cycle specific volume. It showed significant effect on the performance of the cycle ov...