background: based on researches done  in recent decades, there are several therapeutic approaches to increase self-esteem and achievement motivation of students. among these methods, we can refer to cognitive-behavioral therapy. the purpose of this research is assessment of effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on self-esteem andachievement motivation of students. methods: the re...

aim and background: tobacco dependency is recognized as the first factor for the prevention of mortality worldwide. despite the negative impact of smoking on hypertension, therapists have been paid less attention to the effectiveness of psychological treatment of nicotine dependence of these patients. methods and materials: in this case- control pre-post test research with a quasi-experimental ...

Behavioral and facial thermal responses were recorded in twelve 3- to 4-month-old infants during the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP). As in the usual procedure, infants were observed in a three-step, face-to-face interaction: a normal interaction episode (3 min); the "still-face" episode in which the mother became unresponsive and assumed a neutral expression (1 min); a reunion episode in which the m...

Abstract The fundamental vacuum state of quantum fields, related to Minkowski space, produces divergent fluctuations that must be suppressed in order bring reality the description physical systems. As a consequence, negative expectation values classically positive-defined quantities can appear. This has been addressed literature as subvacuum phenomenon. Here it is investigated how scalar charge...

abstract: aim and background: autism spectrum disorder is a complex childhood neurological disorder that affects all aspects of child development. the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention program using animals to improve cognitive, social, behavioral functioning , and communication in children with autism spectrum disorders. methods and materials: 14 child...

BACKGROUND Two major neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the excitatory amino acid, glutamate, may be involved in nociception in the spinal cord. GABA and glutamate receptors may operate in concert to modify signals in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spinal analgesic interaction between midazolam, a benzodiazepine-GABA(A) receptor a...