infrastructure plays an important role in the process of economic development. access to such infrastructures as safe piped drinking water, educational and health services, electrification and efficient transport system enhance human welfare. the main objective of this study is to determine the contribution of the main types of infrastructure investments to reduction of poverty and more balance...

poverty is the most serious threat to natural resources and the environment and most of the poor are rural-based who engage in various agricultural activities. land is a critical asset for the rural poor and lacking means to appropriately intensify agriculture which compels the poor to either overuse or misuse this natural resource base to meet basic needs. this study presents empirical relatio...

This paper describes differences in the impact of the Economic Structural Adjustment Policy (ESAP) on Zimbabwe’s rural and urban areas through the views of recent migrants to Harare. Although the outcomes of ESAP have been more acutely felt in the city than in the countryside, rural populations have also suffered from increases in the prices of basic commodities and in public services fees. Ret...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors causing the rural underdevelopment in iran. to fulfill this objective, delphi technique, as a method of refining group opinions and substituting computed consensus for an agreed-upon majority opinion, was used. the study used a series of three steps questionnaires. findings indicated that lack of a coherent strategy for sustainable r...

LADDER is a research project funded by the Policy Research Programme of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) that seeks to identify alternative routes by which the rural poor can climb out of poverty. LADDER is working with nearly 40 villages and 1,200 households in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and Kenya to discover the blocking and enabling agencies in the institutional environme...