BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that faecal pH is acidified in patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with healthy controls. In healthy volunteers, stool pH, faecal flora, and bile acid concentration could be affected by means of elemental diets. AIMS To assess the role of variations of faecal pH on leucocyte endothelial cell adhesion in indomethacin induced long lasting ileitis...

conclusions the designed safe irrigator syringe seems to be applicable in wound irrigation and superior to the conventional devices regarding efficacy and user comfort. results all of the interns stated that the new device is quite applicable for wound washing and is easy to handle. nine interns believed that safe irrigator syringe is superior to the conventional devices regarding efficacy and ...

aim and background: the therapeutic community (tc) is a residential treatment model, which is effective in the treatment of people with substance abuse disorder. the aim of the people study was to examine the effectiveness of tc on mental symptoms of persons with substance abuse disorder. methods and materials: in this experimental, pre-post test and follow-up study, referred patients with subs...

background and objectives: typhoid is a major health problem faced by the developing countries like pakistan. more than 20 million cases are reported annually worldwide. currently fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice to treat typhoid fever. in vivo resistance to fluoroquinolones leading to therapeutic failure is developing rapidly and is becoming a major concern for the clinicians. the obje...

introduction percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pcnl) is a standard, safe, and efficient method for removing large renal calculi. despite development of endourologic equipment, complications of the pcnl are still prevalent. even though therapeutic modalities such as mini-micro pcnl have been developed in recent years, the complications are a serious concern yet. the most important complication is he...

Nutritional science consists of multiple overlapping disciplines: agricultural science including animal husbandry; food science; public health; nutritional physiology; and therapeutic or clinical nutrition. The application of nutritional science to clinical practice has undoubtedly resulted in improved survival and improved quality of life in certain groups of patients. It has also resulted in ...

BACKGROUND Hydrolyzed diets are used in companion animals for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse food reaction. Similarly, hydrolyzed formulas are used in human infants with severe inflammatory bowel disease or milk allergy, and these must meet the standard of hypoallergenicity through rigorous testing. Unfortunately, no standards are currently applied to hydrolyzed veterinary therapeutic d...

This paper argues that clinicians face the unique artistic challenge of taking concrete pieces of data -scientific findings -and abstracting them into effective therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this abstraction has to be modified for different personality types. The process of therapeutic change and how it can be impeded by the traditional medical model are briefly explored. The doctor-pati...

Vitamin A (retinol) is a micronutrient critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. In adults, vitamin A and metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) play major roles in vision, immune and brain functions, and tissue remodelling and metabolism. This review presents the physiological interactions of retinoids and endocrine tissues and hormonal systems. Two endocrine systems have been parti...

Clinical experience during the last decade has confirmed that enteral nutrition is an efficient and cost effective means of providing nutritional support to patients with normal or near normal gastrointestinal function.' Before and during this period the knowledge gained of the processes involved in the physiology of nutrient absorption has been applied to the formulation of enteral diets and i...