The present research utilized aspects of the Principles and Parameters Approach (P&PA; Chomsky, 1991, 1993) in linguistic theory as well as findings from the psycholinguistic literature as a basis for examining sentence production in aphasic individuals. We examined the production of particular wh-movement constructions--wh-questions requiring movement of an argument noun phrase (i.e., who and ...

A new monoclonal antibody (termed WH-1; isotype IgG2b) was established using a homogenate of dissected guinea pig cochleas (N = 60) as immunogen. Western blotting and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) identified the WH-1 antigen as a protein or glycoprotein with M(r) approximately 40 kDa. Immunoperoxidase treatment of histologic cryosections of guinea pig coch...

The present paper reports an analysis of correct wh-question production and subject-auxiliary inversion errors in one child's early wh-question data (age 2;3.4 to 4;10.23). It is argued that two current movement rule accounts (DeVilliers, 1991; Valian, Lasser & Mandelbaum, 1992) cannot explain the patterning of early wh-questions. However, the data can be explained in terms of the child's knowl...

In gapping, topical indefinites as well as wh-phrases can contrast with surface-identical antecedents if the contrast involved is the first of the two (or more) contrast pairs in the gapping coordination. This is not possible for most other types of expressions. We argue that both topical indefinites and wh-phrases introduce a discourse referent with a fixed address, on the basis of which refer...

Most accounts of knowledge wh seek to reduce it to knowledge that. That is, facts about answer knowledge are deemed sufficient to determine the truth value of knowledge wh statements. George (2011, 2013) argues against the possibility of such a reduction. On George’s proposal, standing in the knowledge wh relation to a question requires the agent to both know at least one answer and not believe...

This paper, through a close examination, builds missing links between three types of focus constructions in Japanese: Cleft, Sluicing, and socalled ‘No da’ in-situ focus construction. Adopting Rizzi’s (1997) articulated CP clause architecture, we demonstrate that these missing links are provided with a syntactic explanation. We also discuss a syntaxphonology interface phenomenon, namely, the in...

Artificial Intelligence chatbots have shown a growing interest in different domains including e-learning. They support learners by answering their repetitive and massive questions. In this paper, we develop smart learning architecture for an inclusive chatbot handling both text voice messages. Thus, disabled can easily use it. We automatically extract, preprocess, vectorize, construct AskBot's ...

The mainstream literature on the Romance dialects of northern Italy has explained morphosyntax clause-internal wh-elements in answer-seeking interrogatives as either result interrogative movement into lower portion high left periphery (Munaro et al. 2001, Poletto & Pollock 2015, a.o.), or a canonical instance scope construal (Manzini Savoia 2005;2011). New empirical evidence from suggests t...

Previous studies have shown that spatial attention can influence the magnitude of brain responses to nociceptive inputs. In their recent article (Franz M, Nickel MM, Ritter A, Miltner WH, Weiss T. J Neurophysiol 113: 2760-2768, 2015), Franz and colleagues expand this observation by showing that spatial attention is further able to modify the chronometry of nociceptive processing by modulating t...