During debates and interviews, political leaders often have to defend themselves from adversaries and journalists questioning their performance. To fight against these threats, politicians resort to various defensive strategies, either direct or indirect, to draw attention away from their responsibilities or shed a more positive light upon their work. Counterfactual defences (i.e., comparing pa...

The upward planarity testing problem consists of testing if a digraph admits a drawing Γ such that all edges in Γ are monotonically increasing in the vertical direction and no edges in Γ cross. In this paper we reduce the problem of testing a digraph for upward planarity to the problem of testing if its blocks admit upward planar drawings with certain properties. We also show how to test if a b...

This paper presents a theoretical view of imperfect market. It concludes that an increase in the price of products does not give any incentive to increasing production which shows the mechanism for upward trends in prices.

We consider the problem of determining the maximum and the minimum number of upward planar orientations a maximal planar graph can have. We show that n-vertex maximal planar graphs have at least Ω(n · 1.189) and at most O(n · 4) upward planar orientations. Moreover, there exist n-vertex maximal planar graphs having as few as O(n · 2) upward planar orientations and n-vertex maximal planar graphs...

various geological units in an area often exhibit different magnetic properties. due to this distinction in magnetic properties of the geological units, a correlation between the type of a geological unit and its magnetic response can be established. to determine the lateral and vertical extents of geological units from the magnetic data in a survey area, a number of filters for processing magn...

Context: Glenohumeral and scapular upward rotation are important factors in functional upper extremity motion. Objectives: To determine how different amounts of glenohumeral rotation (internal, external, and neutral) affect scapular upward rotation. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Independent variables were the amounts of internal, external, and neutral glenohumeral rotation. The dependent...