Iran’s security is affected by a broad region that includes the Caspian Basin, Central Asia, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf states, Pakistan, Turkey, and the Middle East. However, an increased focus on the countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), as well as Iraq, on the one hand, and with members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (including Yemen) on the other, provides a na...

Because of the scarcity of observational data, existing estimates of the heat and water budgets of the Persian Gulf are rather uncertain. This uncertainty leaves open the fundamental question ofwhether this water body is a net heat source or a net heat sink to the atmosphere. Previous regional modeling studies either used specified surface fluxes to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Gulf or pre...

archaeological evidence from islamic era reflects trade contacts and flourishing commerce in the persian gulf. indeed, some regional infrastructures surviving from sassanian times could have acted as the basis for these interactions. mahruban is one of the most important ports in the persian gulf with evidence of extensive trade contacts with such neighboring ports as basra, siniz and ganaveh o...

background :  the aim of this paper was to study the prevalence and intensity of anisakids lar­vae in the long tail tuna fish captured from iranian shores of persian gulf. methods : different organs including skin, abdominal cavity, stomach and intestinal contents, stom­ach sub serous tissues, liver, spleen, gonads and 20 grams of muscles of 100 long tail tuna fish ( thannus tonggol ) caught fr...

china has been in a process of intensive industrialisation in recent years; and as a result, the country is now one of the largest growing economies in the world. throughout the 1970s and 1980s, china was exporting oil, but in 1993 it became to an importer of oil. china's economic growth in recent years has turned the country into the second biggest consumer of energy and the third largest impo...

1. introduction seas and oceans comprise over 70 percent of the planet earth always taken into attention in the history. however, the most important official and legal actions to regularize a number of claims made by coastal countries regarding the demand of the territorial and marine control and exclusive ownership date the 20th century. the first conference on marine international law was hel...