This theoretical study is carried out to investigate the effect of radiation on ice crystal spectrum in the upper troposphere. First, an explicit expression is obtained for the ice crystal growth rate that takes account of radiative and kinetic effects. Second, the expression is used to quantitatively analyse how radiation broadens the ice crystal spectrum and then to reveal a new precipitation...

one of the greatest physicians and encyclopedists in middle ages in europe was born in al-ahwaz (c.930) from old persian stock. ‘alī was moved to shīrāz at an early age and made his medical studies under a physician of this city, abū mahir mūsā ibn sayyar. he practised medicine in baghdad in mid – tenth century and served as physician to ‘adud al-dawla, to whom he dedicated his only composition...

This book is a reprint of papers originally contributed to " Colburn's United Service Magazine." Its scope is ambitious. It aims to present a history of the aid which medical art and medical men have rendered in war from the earliest times,?among the Greeks and Romans, Crusaders and Normans, and in the English Army since their time. The history is brought down to the year 1860, when the first c...

Most studies on Genesis tend to focus on the disparate nature of the material which has been used in its composition. It is argued here that the entire book has been carefully composed to focus on a unique family line. The members of this line of ‘seed’ enjoyed a special relationship with God which resulted in the establishment of two eternal covenants, the first with Noah and the second with A...

Many of us will always remember the distressing scenes from various incidents during the troubles. I have vivid memories of looking after the victims of the Omagh bomb during my second week as JHO in the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1998. In the weeks following the Omagh bomb I re-read Marie by Gordon Wilson and it brought me to tears again. Gordon will always be remembered for forgiving those wh...

BACKGROUND The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice (the 'red book') are now more than 20 years old. Therefore it is an important juncture to reflect on their appropriateness and implementation, and how they can be improved in future editions. OBJECTIVE This review analyses the guidelines and their development against crite...