BACKGROUND At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and a lack of adequate lighting usually cause some vision problems. The purpose of this study was to perform a safety evaluation of lighting on a very long road in Ilam, Iran. METHODS The average luminance was measured using a luminance meter (model S3; Hagner, Solna, Sweden). A camera (model 108, ...

introduction: water vapor spreads in molecular, unstable and erratic phase and transfers by convection and advection process. this transfer happens from the earth and oceans' surfaces to the atmosphere by the hot air. this type of this transfer is considered as the main pattern. in the studies of the atmosphere, one of the prominent factors to be considered is the complexity of water vapor...

 The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg were determined in gill, liver and muscle of Barbus xanthopterus in down streams of Karoon and Dez Rivers during summer 2009. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly, depending on the types of the tissue in fish species. The levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg in the Barbus xanthopterus of Karoon River were higher than in B...

Sediment transfer from continents to oceans via rivers is one of the important processes regulating river-bank stabilization, soil formation, biogeochemical cycling of elements, crust evolution and many other earth-related processes. Due to changes in continental positions during the geologic past, water flow and sediment loads in rivers have also shown variations during different time periods....

In this comparative study of two water basins in the Middle East, we examine the hydro-political construction of scale as central to state and nation building, and their territorial consolidation. We argue that scalar negotiations and constructions of freshwater became central to the very consolidation of both Turkey and Israel. The examples we offer also illustrate the usefulness of a performa...

has met all requirements and is qualified for the medical study program, he/she is invited for an entrance examination. The applicant is informed about the date and place of the entrance examination in time. The examination is in the form of multiple-choice tests in Biology and Chemistry and it is carried out in English language. The test consists of 40 questions in each of the subjects and it ...