Despite over US $200 million having been spent researching illnesses following the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War, the nature and cause of such illnesses remains controversial. In this narrative review, we discuss some of the methodological issues that have affected epidemiological studies on this topic. These include low-response rates, ascertainment bias, recall bias, problems identifying suitable ...

In this context, the continued use of the word 'accident' causes me concern. Sir Francis Bacon wrote 'For men converse by means of language, but words are imposed according to the understanding of the crowd; and there arises from a bad and inapt formation of words a wonderful obstruction to the mind'. So I believe it is with the inapt word 'accident'. To 'the crowd' the word implies some sort o...

The symptoms of Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) closely correspond to the physiological and behavioural sequelae of an interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediated sickness response. We propose that this response can account for the variability in its symptomatology. Furthermore, the persistence of GWS can be accounted for by an associative process, whereby the smells/tastes of war become linked with the physiologica...

Ecological Health Assessment of the Surface Sediments Coral Reefs Khark and Kharko Islands (Persian Gulf, Iran)

Analysis of the Correlation Patterns Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-A Concentration in Persian Gulf Oman

life in Gulf War era military personnel. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155: 899–907. 52 The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. 5th edn. Salt Lake City: Medicode Publication, 1998. 53 SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT Software Version 9.0. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 2002. 54 Gray GC, Coate BD, Anderson CM et al. The post-war hospitalization experience of U.S. veter...

Sea water samples were collected from 32 stations in the southern part of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman during winter of 1987. Surface water of the Persian Gulf exhibited wide range and higher values of salinity (37.15-43.95, mean 40.02%) compared with lower values and narrow range (36.58-36.95, mean 36.74%) in the Gulf of Oman. Surface salinity did not reflect any significant relations...

Beaked whales are deep diving elusive animals, difficult to census with conventional visual surveys. Methods are presented for the density estimation of beaked whales, using passive acoustic monitoring data collected at sites in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) from the period during and following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010-2013). Beaked whale species detected include: Gervais' (Mesoplodon e...