The acquisition of accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is a difficult task in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Partial CSIT is a more realistic assumption, especially for high-mobility mobile users (MUs) whose channel varies very rapidly. In this letter, we propose a MIMO two-way relaying (MTWR) scheme, in which the communication between the BS and a high-...

the northwest iran comprises parts of two major biodiversity hotspots; irano-anatoli and caucasus. it is a mountainous transition realm between caucasus forest in the north, pontic forest of turkey in the west and central deserts of iranian plateau. this study was designed to determine rodent diversity in northwest iran. moreover, corridor and barrier features of the region were investigated, a...

Innovative and fruitful studies of social bonds have been developed in recent years, although the methods used to establish the existence of a social bond between two individuals have not evolved significantly. Two types of paradigms have been currently used: the separation-reunion paradigm, which evaluates the distress caused by the disruption of the social bond, and choice paradigms, which te...

cytotaxonomy is a branch of cytogenetics, devoted to the comparative study of karyological features for systematic and evolutionary purposes. surely, awareness of chromosomal characters increases our knowledge in different fields of studies. in this study, cytogenetic analyses were performed in 92 mus musculus specimens from 26 localities in iran. cytogenetic characteristics of the house mouse,...

Background: Besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti is regarded as a re-emerging disease in cattle because of the increased number of cases and geographical distribution in many European countries. Aims: The present study was conducted to determine the presence of B. besnoiti in cattle in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia of Turkey. <str...

background: active immunization against gnrh decreases the secretion of gonadotropins and causes cessation of gonadal function, thereby, inducing infertility. based on the immunoenhancing activity of kamdhenu ark (distilled cow urine), this study was performed to evaluate its effects on the gonadosomatic indices (gsi) and sperm parameters in male mice receiving a gnrh contraceptive vaccine. met...

A critical point in models of the human limbs when the aim is to investigate the motor control is the muscle model. More often the mechanical output of a muscle is considered as one musculotendon force that is a design variable in optimization tasks solved predominantly by static optimization. For dynamic conditions, the relationship between the developed force, the length and the contraction v...

Amygdala ablation disrupts reinforcer "devaluation" in monkeys (Malkova et al., 1997). Here, we tested the hypothesis that transient inactivation of amygdala by the GABA(A) agonist muscimol (MUS), specifically during the period of reward satiation, would have a similar effect. Six pigtail macaques were trained on a visual object discrimination task in which 60 objects were associated with one o...