This paper presents the development and assessment of two types of Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG)-based sensors including a mobile liquid level sensor and a reflective sensor for the measurement of liquid level and fluid-flow velocity. Shewhart control charts were used to assess the liquid level sensing capacity and reliability of the mobile CO(2)-laser engraved LPFG sensor. There were ten gr...

background: hydrogen sulfide (h 2 s) exhibits both physiological and toxicological roles in the biological systems. acute exposure to high levels of h 2 s is life threatening while long-term exposure to ambient levels of h 2 s elicits human health effects. objective: to study the harmful effects of long-term exposure to low levels of h 2 s on human blood cells. methods: 110 adult workers from i...

hippodamia variegata is an efficient and most abundant predatory coccinellids in many countries. understanding the ability of long-term low temperature survival in beneficial insects can be used to make better predictions about subsequent abundance and hence the biological control potential in the next spring and summer. so in this study, effects of long-term temperatures were investigated on m...

During the recent decades, the design and construction of underground spaces into rock salt have been particularly regarded for storing petroleum fluids, natural gas, and compressed air energy, and also for disposing nuclear and chemical wastes. The rock salt hosting such spaces will be subjected to various types of monotonic/cyclic, short-term/long-term stresses during the construction and/or ...

The seismic moment and source orientation of the 8 November 1980 Eureka, California, earthquake (Ms = 7.2) are determined using long-period surface and body wave data obtained from the SRO, ASRO, and IDA networks. The favorable azimuthal distr ibution of the recording stations allows a well-constrained mechanism to be determined by a simultaneous moment tensor inversion of the Love and Rayleigh...

The paper reviews the recent progress on CO2-laser writing of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) in different kinds of fibers, including conventional single-mode fiber (SMF), boron-doped SMF, polarization-maintaining fiber, photonic crystal fiber, and polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber. In particular, we report the writing dynamics for the understanding of the physical mechanisms i...