Steelhead rainbow trout acclimated to either freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) were exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 1000 μmol l(-1) NH(4)HCO(3), pH 7.8-8.0) for 24 h. SW trout restored ammonia excretion more rapidly (3-6 h versus 9-12 h in FW), despite higher production rates and lower plasma pH. Plasma total ammonia levels stabilized at comparable levels below the external HEA conce...

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect electrical conductivity (EC) levels nutrient solution on fresh weight, chlorophyll, and nitrate content hydroponic-system-grown lettuce. selected cultivars are most representative commercial varieties grown for European markets. Seven (‘Sintia,’ ‘Limeira,’ ‘Corentine,’ ‘Cencibel,’ ‘Kiber,’ ‘Attiraï,’ ‘Rouxaï’) three Lactuca sativa L. types...

Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) were captured across a salinity gradient from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW). Across all salinities, C. leucas were hyperosmotic to the environment. Plasma osmolarity in FW-captured animals (642 +/- 7 mosM) was significantly reduced compared to SW-captured animals (1067 +/- 21 mosM). In FW animals, sodium, chloride and urea were 208 +/- 3, 203 +/- 3 and 192 +...

The teleost gill carries out NaCl uptake in freshwater (FW) and NaCl excretion in seawater (SW). This transformation with salinity requires close regulation of ion transporter capacity and epithelial permeability. This study investigates the regulation of tight-junctional claudins during salinity acclimation in fish. We identified claudin 3- and claudin 4-like immunoreactive proteins and examin...

BACKGROUND Reproducible and repeatable assessment of right heart function is vital for monitoring congenital and acquired heart disease. There is increasing evidence for the additional value of myocardial deformation (strain and strain rate) in determining prognosis. This study aims to determine the reproducibility of deformation analyses in the right heart using cardiovascular magnetic resonan...

The effects of eel atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on drinking were investigated in eels adapted to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) or in FW eels whose drinking was stimulated by a 2-ml hemorrhage. An intra-arterial infusion of ANP (0.3-3.0 pmol ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1), which increased plasma ANP level 1.5- to 20-fold, inhibited drinking dose dependently in all groups of eels. The drinking rate recov...

  The salinity tolerance, hematological and hydromineral regulation capabilities of juvenile Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) were investigated in different ages and sizes in freshwater (FW: <0.5‰), estuary water (EW: 9.5‰) and Caspian Sea water (CSW: 12.5‰). The fish were directly transferred from FW to EW and CSW. The possible repercussions of ion-osmoregulatory processes on some ...

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) methanol extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW), daily growth ratio (DGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and some of hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) and white blo...

A k-edge-weighting of a graph G is a mapping w : E(G) → {1, 2, . . . , k}. An edgeweighting w induces a vertex coloring fw : V (G) → N defined by fw(v) = ∑ v∈e w(e). An edge-weighting w is vertex-coloring if fw(u) 6= fw(v) for any edge uv. The current paper studies the parameter μ(G), which is the minimum k for which G has a vertexcoloring k-edge-weighting. Exact values of μ(G) are determined f...