PURPOSE To assess the effect of a hospital-based peer intervention program serving youth who have been hospitalized for violent injuries on participant involvement in the criminal justice system and violent reinjury and death after hospital discharge. METHODS A total of 112 violently injured youth (ages 12-20 years; 80% male; predominantly African-American [60%] and Latino [26%]) hospitalized...

The conditions under which an individual accused of a crime can remain at liberty prior to the resolution of the criminal charge against him have evolved over time in the American system of criminal justice.' For most of this country's history, pretrial release conditions were almost exclusively defined in financial terms, i.e., the amount of "bail" a defendant or his surety was required to ple...

The expansion of the US carceral state has been accompanied by the emergence of what we call the ‘shadow carceral state’. Operating beyond the confines of criminal law and justice institutions, the shadow carceral state expands penal power through institutional annexation and legal hybridity, including: (1) increased civil and administrative pathways to incarceration; (2) the creation of civil ...

Two reform movements transformed American criminal law in the quarter century that began in the late 1960s. Their origins and effects were starkly different, and their conflict meant that, on core choices about the basis for criminal liability, one movement had to win and the other had to lose. The first movement was the wave of criminal code reform inspired by the American Law Institute’s Mode...

BACKGROUND The reduction of crime is an important outcome of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). Criminal intensity and treatment regimes vary among OMT patients, but this is rarely adjusted for in statistical analyses, which tend to focus on cohort incidence rates and rate ratios. The purpose of this work was to estimate the relationship between treatment and criminal convictions among OMT pat...

at one time led a branch of science to be unduly identified with a personality. There is no school of criminal anthropology, as some have vainly imagined." Within recent years much has been written on this subject, the most important works beinc* Ferii's great monograph L'Omicidio, and the concluding volumes of Lombroso's L'Uomo Delinquente. ?Medical readers who do not understand Italian will a...

criminal policy is an interdisciplinary system consisting of several interactive nation-state subsystems that attempt to address serious crimes and deviances by managing criminal justice through organizing the relationships between criminal science and actors within the criminal justice system in both theoretical and practical settings. as an important element at the most strategic level of sof...

as a rule, like other criminal legal systems, insane people are exempted from criminal liability in iranian criminal law. the previous penal code, replaced in 1982, had classified the mentally ill people into two groups. those completely insane were totally free from criminal liability and those suffering from less serious mental illnesses benefit to some extent liable to a certain lenient degr...