The labor needs of World War II fueled a growing demand for both military and war industry personnel. This longitudinal study investigates mobilization into these competing activities and their work life effects among men from the middle class. Hazard estimates show significant differences in wartime activities across occupations, apart from other deferment criteria. By war's end, critical empl...

although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

The present study attempts to analyze Iraq war against Iran based on Parsons' subsystems. The main question aims at finding the social positive/negative functions of the war. According to the studies, the first effect of the war was damaging behavioral organism subsystem so that it couldn't realize its functions. Subsequently, the chaos spread to the personality subsystem. Except for the qualit...

MORRIS DICKSTEIN POSES his recent study of post–World War II American fiction Leopards in the Temple (2002) as a corrective to the by now standard tendency to emphasize the cold war in accounts of this period. But while Dickstein takes the critics of cold war culture to task for what he sees as their oversimplification of both art and politics, he concurs with them on at least one major point. ...

The traditional and formal literatures in international relations have placed uncertainty at the center of their explanations for war. The formal literature has largely focused on uncertainty regarding the costs of war while the traditional literature focuses on uncertainty about relative power. In this paper we analyze a class of formal models of conflict where players choose between fighting ...

SUMMARY After a short reference to Iran-Iraq war as a motivating factor for the present study, the issues of battle stress and psychological wounds of war ar discuused. Reactions of the world armies 10 psychological breakdown of soldiers, military psychotherapy, therapy in combat zone and its developmental process through Civil war, Crimean war, first and Second world wars, Korean and Vietnam ...