Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central molecule maintaining the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma. Anti-TGF-β strategies are currently being explored in early clinical trials. Yet, there is little contemporary data on the differential expression of TGF-β isoforms at the mRNA and protein level or TGF-β/Smad pathway activity in glioblastomas in vivo.Here we studied 64 newly diagnosed a...

Abstract Objective: To explore the pathogenic function of Mex3 RNA binding family member B (Mex3b) in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS). Methods: The expression Mex3b, TGF-β receptor III (TGFBR3), TGF-β2, p-Smad2 were studied by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and ELISA. MEX3b with TGFBR3was test improved immunoprecipitation–coupled high-throughput sequencing (iRIP-Seq). ...

background: regulatory cd4+t (treg) cells are effective in maintaining immune tolerance. objective: to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of transforming growth factor β-1 (tgf-β1) and forkhead box protein 3 (foxp3) genes in iranian patients with allergic rhinitis (ar). methods: variations at codons 10 and 25 of tgf-β1 and foxp3 at positions -3279 a>c and -924 a>g were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE Targeted down-regulation of TGF-β expression inhibits invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism that TGF-β functions by remains largely unknown. In the present study we report the mechanism of ERK1/2 dependant S100A4 regulation by TGF-β and its possible role in TGF-β-mediated tumour invasion in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Small interfering RNA targeting...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary pressure and carries a very poor prognosis. Understanding of PAH pathogenesis needed to support the development new therapeutic strategies. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) drives vascular remodeling increases resistance regulating differentiation proliferation smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Also, sphing...

background: during antigen capture and processing, mature dendritic cells (dc) express large amounts of peptide-mhc complexes and accessory molecules on their surface. dc are antigen-presenting cells that have an important role in tolerance and autoimmunity. the transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-β1) cytokine has a regulatory role on the immune and non-immune cells. the aim of this study is ...

background: our objectives were to investigate whether immunomodulatory cytokines, tgf-β and il-10, are stimulated in response to cystic echinococcosis (ce) components in mice model, and whether major hydatid fluid antigens or live protoscoleces could equally contribute to such cytokines. methods: protoscoleces were obtained by aseptic puncture of fertile sheep hydatid cysts. hydatid fluid anti...

The majority of ovarian tumors are derived from the single layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary termed the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Stromal cell–OSE interactions are postulated to be an important aspect of normal OSE biology and the biology of ovarian cancer. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF ) has been shown to often be a mesenchymal cell-derived growth factor that...