In this paper, skew estimation and correction method for document image has been presented. Image of text document can be acquired via camera or other type of machines which cause sometime a skew angle (alignment) on its horizontal direction. To find skew angle of document image, the Radon transform method is used here. The skew angle used in database within the range of ±90o w.r.t x-axis. Kew ...

We present a novel evaluation method for grammatical error correction that addresses problems with previous approaches and scores systems in terms of improvement on the original text. Our method evaluates corrections at the token level using a globally optimal alignment between the source, a system hypothesis, and a reference. Unlike the M Scorer, our method provides scores for both detection a...

Many word processors and keyword search engines have a spelling correction feature. If you type in a misspelled word x, the word processor or search engine can suggest a correction y. The correction y should be a word that is close to x. One way to measure the similarity in spelling between two text strings is by “edit distance.” The notion of edit distance is useful in other fields as well. Fo...

We present crowdsourced collection of error annotations for transcriptions of spoken learner English. Our emphasis in data collection is on fluency corrections, a more complete correction than has traditionally been aimed for in grammatical error correction research (GEC). Fluency corrections require improvements to the text, taking discourse and utterance level semantics into account: the resu...

This paper provides a new method to correct annotation errors in a treebank. The previous error correction method constructs a pseudo parallel corpus where incorrect partial parse trees are paired with correct ones, and extracts error correction rules from the parallel corpus. By applying these rules to a treebank, the method corrects errors. However, this method does not achieve wide coverage ...

This paper proposes a method of correcting annotation errors in a treebank. By using a synchronous grammar, the method transforms parse trees containing annotation errors into the ones whose errors are corrected. The synchronous grammar is automatically induced from the treebank. We report an experimental result of applying our method to the Penn Treebank. The result demonstrates that our metho...

We introduce a novel method for grammatical error correction with a number of small corpora. To make the best use of several corpora with different characteristics, we employ a meta-learning with several base classifiers trained on different corpora. This research focuses on a grammatical error correction task for article errors. A series of experiments is presented to show the effectiveness of...

Non-native speakers of English far outnumber native speakers; English is the main language of books, newspapers, airports, air-traffic control, international business, academic conferences, science, technology, diplomacy, sports, international competitions, pop music, and advertising (British Council 2014). Online education in the form of massive online open courses is also primarily in English...

Many corpora which are prime candidates for automatic error correction, such as the output of OCR software, and electronic texts incorporating markup tags, include information on which portions of the text are most likely to contain errors. This paper describes how the error markup tag is being incorporated in the spell-checking of an electronic version of Diderot's Encyclopddie, and evalua...

although old texts are distorted or changed due to various reasons such as unfamiliarity of writers who take them away from their origin and make it difficult to achieve a correct edition by using of the manuscripts, especially when there is a unique manuscript of the text or the existing manuscript is different with the other available versions, the correction of each text should be usually do...